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The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, a new scientific facility that will bring the night sky to life like never before using the largest camera ever built, has revealed its ‘first look’ images at the start of its 10-year survey of the cosmos.

The Rubin Observatory, jointly funded by the US National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, has released its first imagery, showing cosmic phenomena at an unprecedented scale.

In just over 10 hours of test observations, the NSF-DOE Rubin Observatory has already captured millions of galaxies and Milky Way stars and thousands of asteroids. The imagery is a small preview of the Rubin Observatory’s upcoming 10-year scientific mission to explore and understand some of the universe’s biggest mysteries.

Located on a mountaintop in Chile, the Rubin Observatory will repeatedly scan the sky for 10 years and create an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of our universe. The region in central Chile is favoured for astronomical observations because of its dry air and dark skies, and allows for an ideal view of the Milky Way’s centre.

The facility is set to achieve ‘first light,’ or make the first scientific observations of the Southern Hemisphere’s sky using its 8.4-meter Simonyi Survey Telescope, on 4 July.

UK astronomers, including from the University of Cambridge, are celebrating their role in the most ambitious sky survey to date.

“We will be looking at the universe in a way that we have never done before, and this exploration is bound to throw up surprises that we never imagined,” said Professor Hiranya Peiris from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, and a builder of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration. 

Enabled by an investment of £23 million from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK astronomers and software developers have been preparing the hardware and software needed to analyse the petabytes of data that the survey will produce to enable groundbreaking science that will enhance our understanding of the universe.

The UK is the second largest international contributor to the multinational project, putting UK astronomers at the forefront when it comes to exploiting this unique window on the Universe.

The UK is also playing a significant role in the management and processing of the unprecedented amounts of data. The UK will host one of three international data facilities and process around 1.5 million images, capturing around 10 billion stars and galaxies. When complete, the full 10-year survey is expected to rack up 500 petabytes of date – the same storage as half-a-million 4K Hollywood movies.

The UK’s science portal for the international community is capable of connecting around 1,500 astronomers with UK Digital Research Infrastructure to support the exploitation of this uniquely rich and detailed view of the Universe.

More than two decades in the making, Rubin is the first of its kind: its mirror design, camera size and sensitivity, telescope speed, and computing infrastructure are each in an entirely new category. Over the next 10 years, Rubin will perform the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) using the LSST Camera and the Simonyi Survey Telescope.

By repeatedly scanning the sky for 10 years, the observatory will deliver a treasure trove of discoveries: asteroids and comets, pulsating stars, and supernova explosions. Science operations are expected to start towards the end of 2025.

“I can’t wait to explore the first LSST catalogues – revealing the faintest dwarf galaxies and stellar streams swarming through the Milky Way’s halo,” said Professor Vasily Belokurov from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, member of LSST:UK. “A new era of galactic archaeology is beginning!”

“UK researchers have been contributing to the scientific and technical preparation for the Rubin LSST for more than ten years,” said Professor Bob Mann from the University of Edinburgh, LSST:UK Project Leader. “These exciting First Look images show that everything is working well and reassure us that we have a decade’s worth of wonderful data coming our way, with which UK astronomers will do great science.”

Hiranya Peiris is a Fellow of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge. 

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Understanding how the universe transitioned from darkness to light with the formation of the first stars and galaxies is a key turning point in the universe’s development, known as the Cosmic Dawn. However, even with the most powerful telescopes, we can’t directly observe these earliest stars, so determining their properties is one of the biggest challenges in astronomy.

This is a unique opportunity to learn how the universe’s first light emerged from the darknessAnastasia Fialkov

Now, an international group of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge have shown that we will be able to learn about the masses of the earliest stars by studying a specific radio signal – created by hydrogen atoms filling the gaps between star-forming regions – originating just a hundred million years after the Big Bang.

By studying how the first stars and their remnants affected this signal, called the 21-centimetre signal, the researchers have shown that future radio telescopes will help us understand the very early universe, and how it transformed from a nearly homogeneous mass of mostly hydrogen to the incredible complexity we see today. Their results are reported in the journal Nature Astronomy.

“This is a unique opportunity to learn how the universe’s first light emerged from the darkness,” said co-author Professor Anastasia Fialkov from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy. “The transition from a cold, dark universe to one filled with stars is a story we’re only beginning to understand.”

The study of the universe’s most ancient stars hinges on the faint glow of the 21-centimetre signal, a subtle energy signal from over 13 billion years ago. This signal, influenced by the radiation from early stars and black holes, provides a rare window into the universe’s infancy.

Fialkov leads the theory group of REACH (the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen). REACH is a radio antenna and is one of two major projects that could help us learn about the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation, when the first stars reionised neutral hydrogen atoms in the universe.

Although REACH, which captures radio signals, is still in its calibration stage, it promises to reveal data about the early universe. Meanwhile, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)—a massive array of antennas under construction—will map fluctuations in cosmic signals across vast regions of the sky.

Both projects are vital in probing the masses, luminosities, and distribution of the universe’s earliest stars. In the current study, Fialkov – who is also a member of the SKA – and her collaborators developed a model that makes predictions for the 21-centimetre signal for both REACH and SKA, and found that the signal is sensitive to the masses of first stars.

“We are the first group to consistently model the dependence of the 21-centimetre signal of the masses of the first stars, including the impact of ultraviolet starlight and X-ray emissions from X-ray binaries produced when the first stars die,” said Fialkov, who is also a member of Cambridge’s Kavli Institute for Cosmology. “These insights are derived from simulations that integrate the primordial conditions of the universe, such as the hydrogen-helium composition produced by the Big Bang.”

In developing their theoretical model, the researchers studied how the 21-centimetre signal reacts to the mass distribution of the first stars, known as Population III stars. They found that previous studies have underestimated this connection as they did not account for the number and brightness of X-ray binaries – binary systems made of a normal star and a collapsed star – among Population III stars, and how they affect the 21-centimetre signal.

Unlike optical telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope, which capture vivid images, radio astronomy relies on statistical analysis of faint signals. REACH and SKA will not be able to image individual stars, but will instead provide information about entire populations of stars, X-ray binary systems and galaxies.

“It takes a bit of imagination to connect radio data to the story of the first stars, but the implications are profound,” said Fialkov.

“The predictions we are reporting have huge implications for our understanding of the nature of the very first stars in the Universe,” said co-author Dr Eloy de Lera Acedo, Principal Investigator of the REACH telescope and PI at Cambridge of the SKA development activities. “We show evidence that our radio telescopes can tell us details about the mass of those first stars and how these early lights may have been very different from today’s stars.

“Radio telescopes like REACH are promising to unlock the mysteries of the infant Universe, and these predictions are essential to guide the radio observations we are doing from the Karoo, in South Africa.”

The research was supported in part by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Anastasia Fialkov is a Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Eloy de Lera Acedo is an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellow and a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge.

Reference:
T. Gessey-Jones et al. ‘Determination of the mass distribution of the first stars from the 21-cm signal.’ Nature Astronomy (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02575-x

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The placenta and the hormones it produces may have played a crucial role in the evolution of the human brain, while also leading to the behavioural traits that have made human societies able to thrive and expand, according to a new hypothesis proposed by researchers from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford.

Our hypothesis puts pregnancy at the heart of our story as a speciesAlex Tsompanidis

Dr Alex Tsompanidis, senior researcher at the Autism Research Centre in the University of Cambridge, and the lead author of this new study, said: “Small variations in the prenatal levels of steroid hormones, like testosterone and oestrogen, can predict the rate of social and cognitive learning in infants and even the likelihood of conditions such as autism. This prompted us to consider their relevance for human evolution.”

One explanation for the evolution of the human brain may be in the way humans adapted to be social. Professor Robin Dunbar, an Evolutionary Biologist at the University of Oxford and joint senior author of this new study said: “We’ve known for a long time that living in larger, more complex social groups is associated with increases in the size of the brain. But we still don’t know what mechanisms may link these behavioural and physical adaptations in humans.”

In this new paper, published today in Evolutionary Anthropology, the researchers now propose that the mechanism may be found in prenatal sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone or oestrogens, and the way these affect the developing brain and behaviour in humans.

Using ‘mini-brains’ – clusters of human neuronal cells that are grown in a petri dish from donors’ stem cells – other scientists have been able to study, for the first time, the effects of these hormones on the human brain. Recent discoveries have shown that testosterone can increase the size of the brain, while oestrogens can improve the connectivity between neurons.

In both humans and other primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas, the placenta can link the mother’s and baby’s endocrine systems to produce these hormones in varying amounts.

Professor Graham Burton, Founding Director of the Loke Centre of Trophoblast Research at the University of Cambridge and coauthor of the new paper, said: “The placenta regulates the duration of the pregnancy and the supply of nutrients to the fetus, both of which are crucial for the development of our species’ characteristically large brains. But the advantage of human placentas over those of other primates has been less clear.”

Two previous studies show that levels of oestrogen during pregnancy are higher in human pregnancies than in other primate species.

Another characteristic of humans as a species is our ability to form and maintain large social groups, larger than other primates and other extinct species, such as Neanderthals. But to be able to do this, humans must have adapted in ways that maintain high levels of fertility, while also reducing competition in large groups for mates and resources.

Prenatal sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone and oestrogen, are also important for regulating the way males and females interact and develop, a process known as sex differentiation. For example, having higher testosterone relative to oestrogen leads to more male-like features in anatomy (e.g., in physical size and strength) and in behaviour (e.g., in competition).

But in humans, while these on-average sex differences exist, they are reduced, compared to our closest primate relatives and relative to other extinct human species (such as the Neanderthals). Instead, anatomical features that are specific to humans appear to be related more to aspects of female rather than male biology, and to the effects of oestrogens (e.g., reduced body hair, and a large ratio between the second and fourth digit).

The researchers propose that the key to explain this may lie again with the placenta, which rapidly turns testosterone to oestrogens, using an enzyme called aromatase. Recent discoveries show that humans have higher levels of aromatase compared to macaques, and that males may have slightly higher levels compared to females.

Bringing all these lines of evidence together, the authors propose that high levels of prenatal sex steroid hormones in the womb, combined with increased placental function, may have made human brains larger and more interconnected. At the same time, a lower ratio of androgens (like testosterone) to oestrogens may have led to reductions in competition between males, while also improving fertility in females, allowing humans to form larger, more cohesive social groups.

Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Director of the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge and joint senior author on the paper, said: “We have been studying the effects of prenatal sex steroids on neurodevelopment for the past 20 years. This has led to the discovery that prenatal sex steroids are important for neurodiversity in human populations. This new hypothesis takes this further in arguing that these hormones may have also shaped the evolution of the human brain.”

Dr Tsompanidis added: “Our hypothesis puts pregnancy at the heart of our story as a species. The human brain is remarkable and unique, but it does not develop in a vacuum. Adaptations in the placenta and the way it produces sex steroid hormones may have been crucial for our brain’s evolution, and for the emergence of the cognitive and social traits that make us human.”

Reference

Tsompanidis, A et al. The placental steroid hypothesis of human brain evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology; 20 June 2025; DOI: 10.1002/evan.70003

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University of Cambridge experts highlighted the key role of education in combatting climate misinformation at a Global Sustainable Development Congress (GDSC) workshop in Turkey.

Representatives from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, Cambridge Zero, Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership and Cambridge Judge Business School convened the session and were joined by a range of experts working on climate change-related research and education. Every speaker from across higher education highlighted the importance of identifying misinformation and disinformation in tackling climate action. Read more about the workshop.

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Before the ‘Out of Africa’ migration that led our ancestors into Eurasia and beyond, human populations learned to adapt to new and challenging habitats including African forests and deserts, which was key to the long-term success of our species’ dispersal.

It’s incredibly exciting that we were able to look back in time and pinpoint the changes that enabled our ancestors to successfully migrate out of Africa.Andrea Manica

Today, all non-Africans are known to have descended from a small group of people that ventured into Eurasia around 50,000 years ago. However, fossil evidence shows that there were numerous failed dispersals before this time that left no detectable traces in living people.

In a new study published today in the journal in Nature, scientists say that from around 70,000 years ago, early humans began to exploit different habitat types in Africa in ways not seen before.

At this time, our ancestors started to live in the equatorial forests of West and Central Africa, and in the Sahara and Sahel desert regions of North Africa, where they encountered a range of new environmental conditions.

As they adapted to life in these diverse habitats, early humans gained the flexibility to tackle the range of novel environmental conditions they would encounter during their expansion out of Africa.

This increase in the human niche may have been the result of social adaptations, such as long-distance social networks, which allowed for an increase in cultural exchange. The process would have been self-reinforcing: as people started to inhabit a wider proportion of the African continent, regions previously disconnected would have come into contact, leading to further exchanges and possibly even greater flexibility. The final outcome was that our species became the ultimate generalist, able to tackle a wider range of environments.

Andrea Manica, Professor of Evolutionary Ecology in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Zoology, who co-led the study with Professor Eleanor Scerri from the Max Plank Institute of Bioanthropology in Germany, said: “Around 70,000-50,000 years ago, the easiest route out of Africa would have been more challenging than during previous periods, and yet this expansion was big – and ultimately successful.”

Manica added: “It’s incredibly exciting that we were able to look back in time and pinpoint the changes that enabled our ancestors to successfully migrate out of Africa.”

Dr Emily Hallett of Loyola University Chicago, co-lead author of the study, said: “We assembled a dataset of archaeological sites and environmental information covering the last 120,000 years in Africa. We used methods developed in ecology to understand changes in human environmental niches – the habitats humans can use and thrive in – during this time.” 

Dr Michela Leonardi at the University of Cambridge and London’s Natural History Museum, the study’s other lead author, said: “Our results showed that the human niche began to expand significantly from 70,000 years ago, and that this expansion was driven by humans increasing their use of diverse habitat types, from forests to arid deserts.” 

Many explanations for the uniquely successful dispersal out of Africa have previously been made, from technological innovations, to immunities granted by interbreeding with Eurasian hominins. But there is no evidence of technological innovation, and previous interbreeding does not appear to have helped the long-term success of previous attempts to spread out of Africa.

“Unlike previous humans dispersing out of Africa, those human groups moving into Eurasia after around 60-50,000 years ago were equipped with a distinctive ecological flexibility as a result of coping with climatically challenging habitats,” said Scerri. “This likely provided a key mechanism for the adaptive success of our species beyond their African homeland.”

Previous human dispersals out of Africa – which were not successful in the long term – seem to have happened during particularly favourable windows of increased rainfall in the Saharo-Arabian desert belt, which created ‘green corridors’ for people to move into Eurasia.

The environmental flexibility developed in Africa from around 70,000 years ago ultimately resulted in modern humans’ unique ability to adapt and thrive in diverse environments, and to cope with varying environmental conditions throughout life.

This research was supported by funding from the Max Planck Society, European Research Council and Leverhulme Trust.

Adapted from a press release by the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Germany

Reference: Hallett, E. Y. et al: ‘Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of Africa dispersal.’ Nature, June 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09154-0.

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Earlier this month, Cambridge PhD student Spatika Jayaram was crowned the winner of the FameLab 2025 UK final at this year’s Cheltenham Science Festival.  

After winning a nail-biting East of England final, which was held as part of the Cambridge Festival in April 2025, Spatika went on to represent the East of England in the UK final with her presentation on Time Travel with Your Brain. She will now go on to represent the UK in the International Final taking place live at CERN Science Gateway in Switzerland to mark the 20 year anniversary of the competition. 

“I was so surprised I won!”, said Spatika. “The other communicators were fantastic and we travelled through so many topics from planets to parasites and more!”. 

Spatika took part in FameLab because she enjoyed talking about science to non-scientists and bringing some meaning to the complex work taking place in the labs. “I wanted a chance to bring humour into the science, because most of the times science is presented in professional environments, it’s all very serious”, added Spatika.  

“I would recommend FameLab for anyone who’s even a tiny bit interested in knowing what happens to science when it’s let out in the wild!” 

Claudia Antolini, Public Engagement Manager at the University of Cambridge said, “We are delighted for Spatika to represent the UK at the International FameLab final. Both at the East of England regional competition and the UK final Spatika gave outstanding performances, scientifically accurate but also extremely engaging with wise-cracking humour. We wish her the best of luck and we look forward to cheering her on for the International Final.” 

The FameLab final will be streamed live from CERN on YouTube. 

Spatika Jayaram is a PhD student and Gates Cambridge Scholar in the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Magdalene College. In her research, she looks at social and emotional behaviours emerging across development, and how regions within the prefrontal cortex contribute to their regulation. 

FameLab was created by Cheltenham Festivals in 2005 and is the largest science communication competition and training programme in the world. Participants have just three minutes to convey a scientific concept of their choice to an audience and expert panel of judges with no presentations and limited props. 

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A total of fourteen dedicated and talented staff have been awarded the Pilkington Prize this year. The annual prizes are awarded in the name of Sir Alastair Pilkington to acknowledge excellence in teaching and to recognise the contribution each individual makes to a Department or Faculty. 

It’s always deeply satisfying to see hard-working staff recognised for their commitment and dedication to teaching and learningProf Bhaskar Vira

This year’s prize winners are;

Dr Tore Butlin – Department of Engineering/Queens’ College: 

Tore has played a key role in reshaping the engineering course content and led the design of the new IA mechanics syllabus.

Dr Alexander Carter – Institute of Continuing Education/Fitzwilliam College:

As Academic Director for Philosophy & Interdisciplinary Studies, Alexander leads a broad-ranging portfolio of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in philosophy, creativity theory and research skills.

Dr Nicholas Evans – Department of Clinical Neurosciences/Wolfson College: 

Nicholas has demonstrated an impressive commitment to medical education at the Clinical School for over a decade. As a mentor he has also shown a keen interest in student welfare.

Dr James Fergusson – Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics:

James is an outstanding lecturer who brings outstanding passion to everything he does. He has been heavily involved in establishing and supporting the new MPhil in Data Intensive Science. 

Dr Marta Halina – Department of History and Philosophy of Science/Selwyn College:

Marta has almost single-handedly overhauled the History and Philosophy of Science Tripos making it a more sought after course. She has led a major restructuring of the MPhil course and has introduced the increasingly popular module, AI in healthcare.

Paul Hoegger – University Language Centre/Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages and Linguistics/Fitzwilliam College: 

Paul is a teacher of German much respected by generations of students. Over the years he has created several new courses including one on German literature through the ages and one on the poetry of Schubert.

Dr Kate Hughes – Department of Veterinary Medicine/Girton College:

Kate makes a valued contribution to Years 4 – 6 of the veterinary programme. She led the design of a new final year rotation in anatomic pathology for which she is educational lead.

Dr Mairi Kilkenny – Department of Biochemistry/Queen’s College:

Mairi delivers innovative and creative teaching with the Department of Biochemistry often incorporating digital media to stimulate the interest of her students. She’s also a supervisor for several Colleges. 

Dr Ewa Marek – Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology/Jesus College:

Ewa is a valued lecturer, supervisor and Director of Studies. Passionate about sustainability, Ewa developed a new Part 1A course which introduces the topic in the context of chemical and biochemical engineering.

Dr Isabelle McNeill – Faculty of Modern and Medieval Languages and Linguistics/Trinity Hall:

Isabelle was a passionate and outstanding teacher who made vibrant contributions to French and to Film and Screen within the Faculty. A co-founder and trustee of the Cambridge Film Trust, Isabelle was made aware of her prize two days before she sadly passed away in February. She will be much missed by colleagues and students alike.

Dr Ali Meghji – Department of Sociology/Sidney Sussex College:

Ali has been instrumental in creating a whole new Tripos paper in the Department (Empire, Colonialism, Imperialism). As a teacher, he repeatedly receives glowing comments from students on the clarity of his exposition, the contemporary relevance of his topics, and his effective use of technology. 

Dr Liam Saddington – Department of Geography/Lucy Cavendish College:

Liam was recruited as Training and Skills Director for the Tripos with a remit to oversee the quantitative and qualitative research training across the degree. He has led new innovations, such as creating a museum field trip for first-year students, organising a ‘COP Cambridge’ simulation for second-year students, and developing the dissertation ‘research carousel’. 

Dr Christopher Tilmouth – Faculty of English:

Chris’ visionary leadership has reshaped both undergraduate and postgraduate education at Cambridge. As Director of Undergraduate Studies, Chris introduced critical reforms to enhance student progression.

Dr Juliet Usher-Smith – Department of Public Health and Primary Care/Emmanuel College:

Juliet has made important contributions to the Department through direct teaching, supervision and mentoring and goes the extra mile to foster a culture in which teaching and learning is valued by all. 

The winners were presented with their awards by the University’s Vice-Chancellor, Professor Deborah Prentice, at a ceremony also attended by Senior Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Education and Environmental Sustainability), Professor Bhaskar Vira. He said “The Pilkington Prize Award ceremony is one of my favourite events in the University calendar. It’s always deeply satisfying to see hard-working staff recognised for their commitment and dedication to teaching and learning. We all know that behind every great student is a great teacher and I feel privileged to work alongside such excellent colleagues.”

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Academics at the University of Cambridge are among those featured in the King’s Birthday Honours 2025, which recognises the achievements and contributions of people across the UK.

Cambridge Zero Director Professor Emily Shuckburgh (Fellow of Darwin, Trinity alumna) has received a CBE for services to Climate Science and to the Public Communication of Climate Science.

“I am deeply honoured to accept this recognition, which is a reflection of the collective efforts of many scientists, communicators, educators, and advocates who strive every day to make climate science accurate, accessible and actionable at a time when honesty, clarity and urgency are more important than ever,” Professor Shuckburgh said.

Professor Emily Shuckburgh CBE.1 of 2

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Alongside leading the University of Cambridge’s major climate change initiative, Cambridge Zero, Emily is also Professor of Environmental Data Science at the Department of Computer Science and Technology. Her primary research is focused on the application of artificial intelligence to climate science and in this context she is Academic Director of the Institute of Computing for Climate Science, and co-Director of the UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training on the Application of AI to the study of Environmental Risks (AI4ER).

Professor Gordon Dougan (Fellow of Wolfson College), an Emeritus Professor who continues to work in the University’s Department of Medicine, and former Director of the Infection Health Challenge area at Wellcome, UK, has been awarded a CBE for services to Vaccines and to Global Health.

Professor Dougan is an internationally recognised expert in vaccinology, global health and infections. He was Head of Pathogens at the Wellcome Sanger Institute (WTSI) for over a decade and worked in the pharmaceutical industry (Wellcome Foundation/GSK) for part of his career, developing novel vaccines and other medicines. He has worked as an advisor to health agencies, industry, academia and regulatory agencies. He is an expert on the molecular basis of infection with a strong emphasis on pathogenic mechanisms/immunity, genomics, disease tracking and antibiotic resistance. He is currently President of the Microbiology Society of the UK.

He said: “I am delighted to receive this important recognition for my work and the people I have worked with and for. Applying science to the benefit of people and health is what I have been working toward throughout my career. I can recommend this path to anyone.”

Details of University alumni who are recognised in the King’s Birthday Honours will be published on the University’s alumni website.

The University extends its congratulations to all academics, staff and alumni who have received an honour.

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Researchers have found that chunks of ‘flipped’ DNA can help fish quickly adapt to new habitats and evolve into new species, acting as evolutionary ‘superchargers’.

Why are there so many different kinds of animals and plants on Earth? One of biology’s big questions is how new species arise and how nature’s incredible diversity came to be.

Cichlid fish from Lake Malawi in East Africa offer a clue. In this single lake, over 800 different species have evolved from a common ancestor in a fraction of the time it took for humans and chimpanzees to evolve from their common ancestor.

What’s even more remarkable is that the diversification of cichlids happened all in the same body of water. Some of these fish became large predators, others adapted to eat algae, sift through sand, or feed on plankton. Each species found its own ecological niche.

Now, researchers from the Universities of Cambridge and Antwerp have determined how this evolution may have happened so quickly. Their results are reported in the journal Science.

The researchers looked at the DNA of over 1,300 cichlids to see if there’s something special about their genes that might explain this rapid evolution. “We discovered that, in some species, large chunks of DNA on five chromosomes are flipped – a type of mutation called a chromosomal inversion,” said senior author Hennes Svardal from the University of Antwerp.

Normally, when animals reproduce, their DNA gets reshuffled in a process called recombination – mixing the genetic material from both parents. But this mixing is blocked within a chromosomal inversion. This means that gene combinations within the inversion are passed down intact without mixing, generation after generation, keeping useful adaptations together and speeding up evolution.

“It’s sort of like a toolbox where all the most useful tools are stuck together, preserving winning genetic combinations that help fish adapt to different environments,” said first author Moritz Blumer from Cambridge’s Department of Genetics.

These preserved sets of genes are sometimes called ‘supergenes. In Malawi cichlids, the supergenes seem to play several important roles. Although cichlid species can still interbreed, the inversions help keep species separate by preventing their genes from blending too much. This is especially useful in parts of the lake where fish live side by side – like in open sandy areas where there’s no physical separation between habitats.

The genes inside these supergenes often control traits that are key for survival and reproduction – such as vision, hearing, and behaviour. For example, fish living deep in the lake (down to 200 meters) need different visual abilities than those near the surface, require different food, and need to survive at higher pressures. Their supergenes help maintain those special adaptations.

“When different cichlid species interbred, entire inversions can be passed between them – bringing along key survival traits, like adaptations to specific environments, speeding up the process of evolution,” said Blumer.

The inversions also frequently act as sex chromosomes, helping determine whether a fish becomes male or female. Since sex chromosomes can influence how new species form, this opens new questions about how evolution works.

“While our study focused on cichlids, chromosomal inversions aren’t unique to them,” said co-senior author Professor Richard Durbin, from Cambridge’s Department of Genetics. “They’re also found in many other animals — including humans — and are increasingly seen as a key factor in evolution and biodiversity.”

“We have been studying the process of speciation for a long time,” said Svardal. “Now, by understanding how these supergenes evolve and spread, we’re getting closer to answering one of science’s big questions: how life on Earth becomes so rich and varied.”

Reference:
L. M. Blumer, V. Burskaia, I. Artiushin, J. Saha et al. ‘Introgression dynamics of sex- linked chromosomal inversions shape the Malawi cichlid radiation.’ Science (2025). DOI: 10.1126/science.adr9961

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تعتبر تجربة اللاعبين في عالم القمار واحدة من أكثر التجارب إثارة وجاذبية، حيث يتيح لهم اللعب بأموال حقيقية فرصة لتحقيق مكاسب مالية مبهرة. ولكن، كما هي الحال في كافة النشاطات المرتبطة بالمقامرة، تتواجد العديد من المخاطر التي يمكن أن تؤثر على هذه التجربة. لذلك، من المهم فهم الخيارات المتاحة ومتطلبات إدارة المخاطر.

تواكب الاستراتيجيات المستخدمة للحد من الخسائر وتعلم كيفية التعامل مع الضغط غير المتوقع كل لاعب في سعيه نحو الاستفادة من العروض المتاحة. فالتسلح بالمعلومات يكسب اللاعبين مزايا تنافسية، مما يعزز فرصهم في النجاح على المدى الطويل. لذا، يجب على كل مشارك أن يكون على دراية بكيفية التحكم في النفقات لتحقيق تجربة إيجابية.

في هذه المقالة، سوف نستعرض الجوانب المختلفة المتعلقة بهذه الأنشطة، لنساعدك في اتخاذ القرارات المناسبة، ونجعل من تجربتك في عالم القمار خطوة محسوبة نحو النجاح. تابع معنا لتعرف كيف يمكنك تعزيز فكرتك عن اللعب المسئول والربح الذكي!

كيفية اختيار الألعاب المناسبة لميزانيتك

عند التفكير في استثمار أموالك في الألعاب، من الضروري أخذ الوقت الكافي لاختيار الخيارات التي تتناسب مع ميزانيتك. يمكن أن يساعدك ذلك في الحد من المخاطر وزيادة فرصك في الاستمتاع بتجربة اللاعبين بشكل أفضل.

• تحديد الميزانية: قبل بدء اللعب، حدد المبلغ الذي يمكنك تحمله دون التأثير على نفقاتك الأساسية. التزم بهذه القيمة حتى تتمكن من التحكم في النفقات.
• استراتيجيات الخسارة: فكر في وضع استراتيجيات مسبقة للتعامل مع الخسائر. يساعد ذلك في تجنب تصرفات متهورة قد تؤدي إلى فقدان المزيد من المال.
• المكاسب المالية: تحقق من احتمالات الفوز والمكاسب المالية لكل لعبة. يمكن أن تختلف هذه الاحتمالات بشكل كبير، لذا ابحث عن الخيارات التي توفر أفضل الفرص.
• مراعاة العروض: استغل العروض الترويجية المتاحة، حيث يمكن أن توفر لك فائدة إضافية أثناء اللعب. هذه العروض قد تساعدك في زيادة وقت اللعب لديك دون زيادة التكاليف.
• إدارة المخاطر: قم بتقييم كل خيار بناءً على المخاطر المحتملة. من المهم عدم الانجراف وراء الألعاب التي تعزز الضغط والتوتر، بل اختر تلك التي تناسب استراتيجيتك الشخصية.
• المزايا التنافسية: قارن بين الخيارات المتاحة في مختلف الكازينوهات الإلكترونية، حيث قد توفر بعض المواقع مزايا تنافسية أفضل من غيرها.
• التعامل مع الضغط: من الجيد أن تكون لديك أساليب للتعامل مع الضغط والتوتر، خاصة إذا كنت تواجه سلسلة من الخسائر. يساهم ذلك في الحفاظ على التحكم في مشاعرك وقراراتك.

بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فكر في كيفية تأثير اللعب بأموال حقيقية على تجاربك. فهذا لا يعزز فقط الشعور بالمغامرة، بل يمنحك أيضًا الشعور بالمسؤولية تجاه استثماراتك.

بالتخطيط الجيد وفهم الخيارات المتاحة، يمكنك الاستمتاع بتجربة مثيرة ومربحة مع الحد من المخاطر والضغوط المالية.

الفوائد النفسية والاجتماعية للعب بألعاب القمار

تعتبر تجربة اللاعبين في عالم المقامرة مصدرًا للمتعة والتسلية، حيث تتيح لهم استكشاف خيارات متعددة تعزز التفاعل الاجتماعي. فعندما يختار اللاعبون الانخراط في معارك الحظ، يجدون أنفسهم في بيئة حيث يمكنهم مشاركة المشاعر والتحديات مع الآخرين، مما يوفر أجواءً من التواصل والمنافسة.

قد تُسهم المكاسب المالية التي يمكن أن تتحقق في زيادة الشعور بالإنجاز والثقة. يمكن أن يكون للنجاحات القليلة تأثير إيجابي على الحالة النفسية، حيث يُشعر اللاعبون بالتقدير الذاتي. رغم ذلك، من المهم إدارة المخاطر بشكل فعال لتفادي النتائج السلبية.

توفر استراتيجيات الخسارة مهمة لإدارة وتوجيه تجربة اللعب. التعامل مع الضغوط والتوتر يساهم في تعزيز القدرة على التحكم في النفقات. ينبغي على اللاعبين اعتماد طرق فعالة تتيح لهم الحفاظ على رغبتهم في اللعب دون أن تتجاوز قدرة ميزانيتهم.

تدخل العروض المختلفة أيضًا في دائرة الفوائد، فالمزايا التنافسية المتاحة قد تعزز من تجربة اللعب، مما يعزز الحماس والمشاركة بشكل أكبر. يشعر اللاعبون غالبًا بالرضا عندما يشتركون في عروض محفزة، مما يجعلهم أكثر توجهًا نحو الاستمرار في اللعب والتفاعل.

في المجمل، إن اللعب بأموال حقيقية يتطلب وعيًا وتعاملًا منطقيًا مع الخيارات المتاحة. الفهم الصحيح للعوامل النفسية والاجتماعية يمكن أن يحسن من تجربة اللاعب ويضمن عدم الانزلاق نحو المخاطر المحتملة.

المخاطر المالية المرتبطة بلعب القمار

تعتبر تجربة اللاعبين في عالم المقامرة بأموال حقيقية محفوفة بالمكاسب المالية والمخاطر على حد سواء. من المهم أن يدرك اللاعبون الخيارات المتاحة لهم وكيفية إدارة المخاطر المتصلة بممارستهم. يمكن أن تؤدي الاستراتيجيات غير المدروسة إلى خسائر كبيرة، لذا ينبغي على اللاعبين تطوير استراتيجيات الخسارة المناسبة.

التعامل مع الضغط الناتج عن التوقعات والمنافسة يمكن أن يكون تحديًا كبيرًا. فهم تحقيق المكاسب والتعامل مع الخسائر يساعد في بناء مرونة نفسية. من الضروري أيضًا التحكم في النفقات لضمان عدم الانزلاق إلى عواقب مالية وخيمة.

تعتبر الفائدة من العروض واحدة من المزايا التنافسية التي توفرها العديد من المنصات، لكن يجب تقييمها بحذر. بعض العروض قد تشجع على اللعب المفرط، مما يزيد من المخاطر المالية. دائمًا ما يكون للأمانة والشفافية دور مهم في تجربة القمار، ولذلك ينبغي لللاعبين أن يكونوا واعين لما يتضمنه ذلك.

في النهاية، يجب على اللاعبين أن يوازنوا بين التحديات والفرص المتاحة للتمتع بتجربة مريحة وآمنة. الوعي بالمخاطر والقدرة على اتخاذ القرارات المدروسة سيسهمان بشكل كبير في تعزيز تجربة اللعب لديهم.

نصائح للعب آمن ومسؤول في ألعاب السلوتس

تعتبر تجربة اللاعبين في مجال ما يقدمه عالم الترفيه المالي أمراً يتطلب حرصاً ووعياً كبيرين. من المهم تبني استراتيجيات فعالة تساعد على إدارة المخاطر وتعزيز الفرص المتاحة بشكل مسؤول. من خلال فهم المكاسب المالية والتعامل مع الضغط النفسي، يمكن للاعبين الاستمتاع بتجربة اللعب بشكل أكثر أماناً.

عند اللعب بأموال حقيقية، يُنصح دائماً بوضع حدود للنفقات. التحكم في النفقات يعد خطوة أساسية لتقليل المخاطر. يجب على اللاعبين تحديد ميزانية واضحة والالتزام بها. إن الفائدة من العروض المقدمة تعتبر ميزة تنافسية تعزز من تجربة اللعب، لذا من الجيد الاستفادة منها بحذر وتوجه إيجابي.

تتطلب استراتيجيات الخسارة أن يكون لدى اللاعب خطط بديلة. تحديد ما إذا كان ينبغي الاستمرار أو التوقف بات يعتمد على تقييم الأوضاع بشكل دقيق. من الجيد أن يبقى اللاعب على دراية بالخيارات المتاحة وكيفية الاستفادة منها بطريقة آمنة.

في المجمل، يعتبر الالتزام بأسس اللعب المسؤول بمثابة ضمان لتجربة ممتعة وآمنة. يُنصح بالزيارة لهذا الرابط للحصول على المزيد من المعلومات حول لعبة قمار اون لاين وكيفية المشاركة بطرق أفضل.

أسئلة وأجوبة:

ما هي الفوائد المحتملة للعب ألعاب السلوتس بمال حقيقي؟

تتمتع ألعاب السلوتس بمال حقيقي بمجموعة من الفوائد. أولاً، توفر تجربة ترفيهية مثيرة، حيث تتميز بتصميمات جرافيكية جذابة وجولات مكافآت مثيرة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، لدى بعض اللاعبين فرصة للفوز بجوائز مالية حقيقية والتي يمكن أن تكون محفزًا إضافيًا للاستمرار في اللعب. يساعد أيضًا اللعب بمال حقيقي بعض اللاعبين على تحسين مهاراتهم وفهم آليات الألعاب بشكل أعمق.

ما هي المخاطر المرتبطة بلعب السلوتس بمال حقيقي؟

هناك عدة مخاطر ترتبط بلعب السلوتس بمال حقيقي. من أبرزها القلق من فقدان المال، حيث قد يعاني بعض اللاعبين من خسائر كبيرة تؤثر على حالتهم المالية. أيضاً، هناك احتمالية للإدمان، خاصةً إذا لم يتم تحديد حدود اللعب بوضوح. من المهم أن يكون اللاعبون واعين لهذه المخاطر وأن يتخذوا تدابير لحماية أنفسهم، مثل وضع ميزانية محددة والالتزام بها.

كيف يمكن للألعاب أن تؤثر على الصحة النفسية للاعبين؟

يمكن أن يكون للألعاب تأثيرات متنوعة على الصحة النفسية. بينما يجد البعض في اللعب وسيلة للاسترخاء وقضاء الوقت في ترفيه ممتع، يمكن أن يواجه آخرون ضغوطًا نفسية نتيجة للمخاطر المالية أو الإدمان. يجب على اللاعبين مراقبة مشاعرهم والتأكد من أن اللعب لا يؤدي إلى القلق أو الاكتئاب. التواصل مع الأصدقاء أو الحصول على الدعم من متخصصين يمكن أن يساعد في ضمان تجربة لعب صحية.

ما هي الأساليب التي يمكن اتباعها للعب بشكل مسؤول؟

للعب بمال حقيقي بشكل مسؤول، يجب على اللاعبين تحديد ميزانية واضحة قبل البدء والالتزام بها. من الضروري أيضاً تجنب اللعب عندما يكون الشخص تحت ضغط نفسي أو عاطفي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن أن تساعد فترات التوقف المتكررة أثناء اللعب في تقليل المخاطر المترتبة على الإدمان. وأخيرًا، على اللاعبين أن يكونوا واعين لعلامات الإدمان وأن يلجأوا للمساعدة إذا لاحظوا أي سلوكيات مقلقة.

هل هناك اختلافات بين ألعاب السلوتس على الإنترنت وألعاب القمار التقليدية؟

نعم، هناك بعض الاختلافات الملحوظة بين ألعاب السلوتس على الإنترنت وألعاب القمار التقليدية. واحدة من الفروق الرئيسية هي الوصول؛ حيث يمكن لعب السلاوتس على الإنترنت في أي وقت ومن أي مكان، بينما تتطلب ألعاب القمار التقليدية زيارة كازينو. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تقدم ألعاب السلوتس على الإنترنت مجموعة أكبر من الألعاب والخيارات، وغالبًا ما تشمل مكافآت وعروض تنافسية لا تتوفر في الكازينوهات التقليدية. ومع ذلك، قد يفتقر البعض إلى الأجواء الاجتماعية التي توفرها الكازينوهات، مما يؤثر على تجربة اللعب بشكل عام.

ما هي فوائد لعب ألعاب السلوتس بالمال الحقيقي؟

تعتبر ألعاب السلوتس بالمال الحقيقي وسيلة للتسلية والترفيه، حيث يمكن للاعبين الاستمتاع بتجربة مثيرة وإمكانية الفوز بجوائز مالية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تقدم هذه الألعاب شعورًا بالإثارة عند رؤية الدورات تتوقف على الرموز الفائزة. تعزز ألعاب السلوتس أيضًا النشوة الاجتماعية بين اللاعبين، حيث يمكنهم التفاعل مع بعضهم البعض من خلال المنتديات أو في الكازينوهات الحية، مما يضيف بعدًا اجتماعيًا للتجربة. أيضًا، توفر بعض المواقع مكافآت وعروض ترويجية، مما يزيد من جاذبية اللعبة.

För den växande gruppen av entusiaster inom spel, erbjuder internationella plattformar en unik möjlighet att utforska en värld av underhållning och vinster. Med en uppsjö av erbjudanden, så som generösa bonusar och innovativa spel, lockar dessa aktörer med en stimulerande spelupplevelse. Det är en chans att njuta av en variation av spelformater som kanske inte alltid finns tillgängliga på hemmaplan.

Det finns dock flera viktiga regler att beakta när man utforskar dessa internationella alternativ. Spelare behöver ha en klar förståelse för de lagar och avtal som gäller, särskilt om man vill maximera sin spelupplevelse och samtidigt skydda sina intressen. Att hålla koll på de olika krav som ställs av varje aktör och hur de förhåller sig till lokala bestämmelser kan vara avgörande för en säker och ansvarsfull spelning.

En annan central punkt att ta hänsyn till är hur skatter påverkar vinsterna från internationella plattformar. Det är viktigt att vara medveten om skattereglerna i sitt hemland, eftersom de kan variera avsevärt beroende på var spelningen äger rum. Kunskap om dessa aspekter säkerställer att spelare kan njuta av sin upplevelse utan att oväntade kostnader påverkar deras gladare stunder vid spelborden.

De mest populära utländska plattformar för svenskar

Det finns en rad internationella spelsajter som har vunnit hjärtan hos spelglada svenskar, tack vare sina unika erbjudanden och enastående spelupplevelse. Dessa plattformar kännetecknas av generösa bonusar som attraherar både nya och erfarna användare. Bonusarna kan komma i olika former, inklusive insättningsbonusar, gratissnurr och lojalitetsprogram, vilket ger spelarna frestande incitament att utforska de olika spelen.

En avgörande faktor bakom populariteten hos dessa sajter är deras fokus på att erbjuda en smidig och underhållande spelupplevelse. Med ett brett utbud av spel, från klassiska bordsspel till moderna videoslots, finns det något som passar varje typ av spelare. Användarvänliga gränssnitt och snabba laddningstider gör det enkelt att navigera, vilket verkligen höjer den övergripande känslan av nöje och engagemang.

Även om den spännande atmosfären är viktig, är det också nödvändigt att känna till de olika regler som gäller för spelande på dessa plattformar. Att förstå insatskrav och villkor som följer med bonusarna är avgörande för att optimera upplevelsen. Genom att läsa igenom användarvillkoren och vara välinformerad om spelens spelmekanik, kan spelare maximera sina chanser till roligt och eventuellt även framgång.

Regler och lagar kring spelande på utländska sajter

Att delta i onlinespel på internationella plattformar kräver en förståelse för gällande regler och lagstiftning. Många spelentusiaster är intresserade av att veta hur bonusar och skatter fungerar när de väljer att spela på sajter som inte har svensk licens. Det är av största vikt att vara medveten om de juridiska aspekterna innan man engagerar sig i denna typ av verksamhet.

För det första, möjligheten att nyttja olika bonusar är ofta lockande. Men det är viktigt att noggrant läsa villkoren kopplade till dessa erbjudanden. Varje plattform har sina egna regler angående omsättningskrav och giltighetstider, vilket kan påverka hur fördelaktig en bonus blir i praktiken.

När det kommer till skattefrågor är det avgörande att förstå vad som gäller för vinster från spel på utländska plattformar. I Sverige beskattas vinster från spel med licens, medan vinster från sajter utan svensk licens kan vara föremål för andra skatteregler. Att hålla sig informerad om dessa skillnader är viktigt för att undvika överraskningar vid deklaration.

Sammantaget är det klokt att alltid undersöka de specifika regler och lagar som gäller för den plattform man överväger. Att vara välinformerad hjälper inte bara till att skydda ens intressen utan kan även förbättra spelupplevelsen.

Säkerhet och pålitlighet: Hur man väljer rätt plattform

När du överväger att spela online är det av största vikt att du väljer en plattform som garanterar både säkerhet och pålitlighet. Det är viktigt att kontrollera att sajten är licensierad och reglerad av en pålitlig myndighet. Licensen är en indikator på att operatören följer strikta regler och erbjuder en trygg spelupplevelse.

En annan avgörande faktor är skyddet av dina personliga och finansiella uppgifter. Se till att sajten använder avancerad teknik för att kryptera dina data. Det skyddar dig från oönskad åtkomst och säkerställer att din information hålls privat.

Bonusar är en annan aspekt som kan påverka ditt val av plattform. Jämför de erbjudanden som finns tillgängliga, men kom ihåg att de inte alltid är lika lockande som de verkar. Läs igenom villkoren noggrant för att förstå omsättningskrav och begränsningar. Tänk på hur dessa bonusar kan påverka din totala spelupplevelse.

När det kommer till skatter är det viktigt att känna till reglerna som gäller i ditt land. Beroende på var plattformen är registrerad kan det finnas olika skatteregler för vinster. Det kan vara fördelaktigt att välja en plattform som erbjuder spel utan svensk licens för att maximera dina vinster utan extra kostnader. Du kan läsa mer om detta casino utan svensk spellicens.

Genom att noggrant bedöma säkerhet, pålitlighet och förmåner kan du välja en plattform som uppfyller dina förväntningar och ger en positiv spelupplevelse. Tveka inte att forska och läsa recensioner för att få en klar bild av dina alternativ.

Bonuserbjudanden och kampanjer för spelentusiaster

För den som älskar underhållning och spänning erbjuder många plattformar en rad förmåner och kampanjer. Dessa erbjudanden är utformade för att förbättra spelupplevelsen och locka nya användare. Regelbundet lanseras nya bonusar, vilket ger aktivitet och variation i upplevelsen.

Vanliga typer av bonuserbjudanden inkluderar:

• Välkomstbonusar: Stora incitament för nya deltagare som registrerar sig, ofta i form av extra spelkrediter eller gratissnurr.
• Insättningsbonusar: Belöningar baserade på första insättningen, vilket kan dubbla eller tredubbla startkapitalet.
• Reload-bonusar: Erbjudanden som ges till befintliga medlemmar för att uppmuntra ytterligare insättningar.
• Lojalitetsprogram: System där trogna kunder belönas med poäng och förmåner, inklusive cashback eller exklusiva erbjudanden.

Det är viktigt att notera att varje kampanj har sina egna regler och villkor. Deltagare bör noggrant läsa dessa för att förstå vilka insatser som krävs och eventuella begränsningar. Därför är det avgörande att vara medveten om vad som gäller för varje erbjudande.

Skatteaspekter är också en viktig del av spelet. I vissa fall, beroende på jurisdiktion, kan vinster vara skattepliktiga. Det innebär att spelare bör informera sig om gällande skatteregler för att undvika oväntade överraskningar vid inbetalning av vinster.

Genom att dra nytta av bonusar och kampanjer kan entusiaster maximera sin underhållning och potentiella vinster. Att hålla sig informerad om aktuella erbjudanden kan verkligen förbättra spelupplevelsen och göra den både roligare och mer lönsam.

Frågor och svar:

Vilka är fördelarna med att spela på utländska casinon för svenska spelare 2025?

Utländska casinon erbjuder svenska spelare flera fördelar. För det första kan de ge bättre bonusar och kampanjer eftersom de inte är bundna av samma regler som svenska aktörer. Många utländska casinon har också ett bredare spelutbud, inklusive spel som kanske inte alltid finns på svenska plattformar. Dessutom kan spelare ha tillgång till olika betalningsmetoder och snabbare uttag. Också, spelupplevelsen kan variera på grund av olika mjukvaruleverantörer.

Är det lagligt för svenskar att spela på utländska casinon 2025?

Ja, svenska spelare kan spela på utländska casinon, men man ska vara medveten om det svenska spelregleringssystemet. Det är inte olagligt att registrera sig på och spela hos utländska plattformar, men det innebär att spelarna inte skyddas av samma regler och lagar som gäller för svenska casinon. Därmed bör man alltid kontrollera och välja pålitliga och licensierade casinon för att säkerställa en trygg spelupplevelse.

Hur påverkar nya regler och lagar svenska spelares val av utländska casinon 2025?

Nya regler och lagar kan påverka svenska spelares val av utländska casinon genom att skapa ett mer begränsat utbud av lokala alternativ. Med tuffare regler i Sverige kan många spelare söka sig till casinon utomlands för att hitta bättre erbjudanden och spelmöjligheter. Detta har också lett till att fler utländska operatörer marknadsför sina tjänster för svenska spelare, vilket kan påverka deras beslut.

Vilka risker finns det med att spela på utländska casinon?

Det finns flera risker kopplade till att spela på utländska casinon. En av de största är bristen på konsumentskydd, vilket innebär att spelare kanske inte får samma rättigheter på utländska plattformar som de har i Sverige. Det kan också vara svårare att lösa eventuella tvister eller problem med uttag. Dessutom kan vissa utländska casinon vara oreglerade, vilket kan leda till osäkerhet kring spelens rättvisa och säkerhet.

Vilka faktorer bör svenska spelare överväga när de väljer ett utländskt casino 2025?

När svenska spelare väljer ett utländskt casino är det viktigt att överväga flera faktorer. För det första bör de kontrollera att casinot har en giltig licens, vilket säkerställer att det uppfyller vissa standarder. Spelutbudet och mjukvaruleverantörer är andra viktiga faktorer, liksom bonusar och kampanjer. Dessutom är det bra att titta på betalningsmetoder och kundsupportens kvalitet för att säkerställa en bra spelupplevelse.

Vilka utländska casinon är populära bland svenska spelare 2025?

År 2025 hävdar många utländska casinon att de har blivit populära bland svenska spelare, särskilt på grund av deras attraktiva bonusar och spelutbud. Casinon som Betway, LeoVegas och Mr Green har visat sig vara ett bra val för många spelare. Dessa plattformar erbjuder en mängd olika spel inklusive slots, bordsspel och live casino. Dessutom har de användarvänliga gränssnitt och bra support för svenska spelare, vilket ökar deras popularitet.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The University of Cambridge has made a dazzling debut at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show, winning a prestigious silver-gilt medal for its interactive plant science exhibit, Blooming Numbers.

Presented by The Sainsbury Laboratory Cambridge University, the exhibit is part of a brand-new GreenSTEM section that celebrates cutting-edge research and innovation in the world of plant science.

Blooming Numbers takes visitors on an immersive journey through the latest discoveries in quantitative plant biology—starting with the humble flower and diving deep into molecular biology, genetics, imaging technologies, computational modelling, and the often-overlooked mathematical patterns that govern plant development.

“This award is just so exciting,” said Kathy Grube from the Sainsbury Laboratory.

“We came in in the morning to water the plants and turn on the microscopes, and the medal had been laid out by the judges. We were jumping up and down when we found it.”

The eye-catching exhibit was a collaborative effort across multiple Cambridge institutions and partners. The University’s Department of Engineering co-designed the infrastructure, drawing inspiration from the Fibonacci sequence—an iconic numerical pattern found throughout nature. The Pollinator Patch, a lush highlight of the exhibit, was designed and cultivated by Oakington Garden Centre to demonstrate pollinator-friendly planting. Darwin Nurseries added wildlife-friendly hanging baskets that captivated visitors and judges alike.

“One of our fellow exhibitors, who have been coming to Chelsea for years, told us that getting a silver-gilt on your first try is a real achievement,” said Kathy.

“The judges came over and said the design of the stand was fantastic, and they loved the interactive exhibits. We’re just so honoured.”

The RHS Chelsea Flower Show, the world’s most famous horticultural show, runs until the end of the week and attracts horticultural experts, designers, and plant lovers from across the globe.
 

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

Nine outstanding Cambridge scientists have been elected as Fellows of the Royal Society, the UK’s national academy of sciences and the oldest science academy in continuous existence.

“It is with great pleasure that I welcome the latest cohort of outstanding researchers into the Fellowship of the Royal Society,” said Sir Adrian Smith, President of the Royal Society. “Their achievements represent the very best of scientific endeavour, from basic discovery to research with real-world impact across health, technology and policy. From tackling global health challenges to reimagining what AI can do for humanity, their work is a testament to the power of curiosity-driven research and innovation.

“The strength of the Fellowship lies not only in individual excellence, but in the diversity of backgrounds, perspectives and experiences each new member brings. This cohort represents the truly global nature of modern science and the importance of collaboration in driving scientific breakthroughs.”

The Fellows and Foreign Members join the ranks of Stephen Hawking, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Albert Einstein, Lise Meitner, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and Dorothy Hodgkin.

The new Cambridge fellows are:

Professor Edward Bullmore FMedSci FRS

Professor Ed Bullmore is Professor of Psychiatry and former Head of the Department of Psychiatry. His research mainly involves the application of brain imaging to psychiatry. He has introduced an entirely original approach to the analysis of human brain anatomy, involving graph theory and its application to small-world networks. This has had an enormous impact on the field, especially in relation to understanding the biological basis of schizophrenia and depression. His work has been key to the understanding of the ‘wiring’ of the human brain.

Professor Gábor Csányi FRS

Professor Gábor Csányi is Professor of Molecular Modelling in the Department of Engineering, and a Fellow of Pembroke College. His work is in the field of computational chemistry, and is focused on developing algorithms to predict the properties of materials and molecules from first principles. He pioneered the application of machine learning to molecular modelling which lead to enormous gains in the efficiency of molecular dynamics simulation.

Professor Judith Driscoll FRS

Professor Judith Driscoll is Professor of Materials Science in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, and a Fellow of Trinity College. Her research is concerned with the nanoscale design and tuning of functional oxide thin film materials for energy-efficient electronic applications. A particular focus of her research group is oxide thin films, owing to their wide range of functionalities and their stability. However, their compositions tend to be complex, defects are prevalent, and interface effects play a strong role. Also, for many applications device structural dimensions are required down to nanometre length-scales. Together, all these factors produce exciting challenges for the materials scientist.

Professor Marie Edmonds FRS

Professor Marie Edmonds is Head of Department and Professor of Volcanology and Petrology in the Department of Earth Sciences. She is also a Fellow of Queens’ College. Her research focuses on understanding the impact of volcanoes on our environment and on the habitability of our planet. Her research spans the boundaries between traditional disciplines, from deciphering the nature of the interior of the Earth, to magma transport and storage in the crust, to volcano monitoring, understanding ore deposits and the dynamic chemistry of volcanic gases in the atmosphere and climate.

Professor Julian Hibberd FRS

Professor Julian Hibberd is Head of the Department of Plant Sciences and a Fellow of Emmanuel College. His research focuses on guiding optimisation of photosynthesis to improve crop yields. The C4 pathway is a complex form of photosynthesis that evolved around 30 million years ago and is now used by the most productive plants on the planet. Professor Hibberd has provided key insights into the evolution of C4 photosynthesis through analysis of plant physiology, cell specialisation, organelle development, and the control of gene expression.

Dr Gregory Jefferis FRS

Dr Gregory Jefferis is Joint Head of the Neurobiology Division at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Director of Research of the Department of Zoology. The broad goal of his research is to understand how smell turns into behaviour in the fruit fly brain. His group is particularly interested in how odour information is processed by the higher olfactory centres that mediate innate and learned behaviour.

Professor Jason Miller FRS

Professor Jason Miller is a Professor in the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics and a Fellow of Trinity College. His research interests are in probability, in particular stochastic interface models, random walk, mixing times for Markov chains, and interacting particle systems.

Professor Andrew Pitts FRS

Professor Andrew Pitts is Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Computer Science in the Department of Computer Science and Technology and an Emeritus Fellow of Darwin College. His research makes use of techniques from category theory, mathematical logic and type theory to advance the foundations of programming language semantics and theorem proving systems. His aim is to develop mathematical models and methods that aid language design and the development of formal logics for specifying and reasoning about programs. He is particularly interested in higher-order typed programming languages and in dependently typed logics.

Dr Marta Zlatic FRS

Dr Marta Zlatic is Programme Leader at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and Director of Research in the Department of Zoology. She is also a Fellow of Trinity College. Her research aims to understand the relationship between the structure of the nervous system and its function and to discover the basic principles by which neural circuits implement fundamental computations. A major focus of her research is the circuit implementation of learning and decision-making.

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

By tying together more than a century of memory research at Cambridge, the Memory Lab gives us tangible ways to improve, preserve and understand our memory.

When anxious thoughts flood our minds, they compete for space in our working memory and impair our ability to recall long-term memories. If we can find ways to reduce stress and anxiety, our memory can often bounce back.Jon Simons

What is a memory?

Is it a distinct pattern of brain activity, a blueprint for future behaviour, or a skill that we can improve with a little training? Probably all these things and more, argues Jon Simons, Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience in the Department of Psychology and Head of the School of the Biological Sciences.

Jon’s Memory Lab studies all aspects of memory. They invite volunteers to complete memory tasks online, in the laboratory, or sometimes while lying in an MRI machine while the team scans their brains. 

Together with Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and his team at the Autism Research Centre, Jon is currently studying thousands of the UK’s best memorisers to find the keys to their prowess. Volunteers completed a battery of memory tests online – the best performers then came for brain scans and further testing in the lab.

Their early results suggest some interesting traits, as well as the strategies people use to enhance their abilities. 

“There’s a psychological trait called ‘systemising’,” says Jon. “It’s found in people who have a drive to analyse and construct rule-based ways of thinking. Those kinds of people seem to be more likely to have exceptional memories.”

Simon Baron-Cohen was the first to define this trait. He did so in relation to people on the autism spectrum, for whom ‘systemising’ is set very high. 

So if you happen to think like a ‘systemiser’, you may have a better memory. If you don’t, there are also concrete strategies to boost your memory capacities.

“Mnemonics are an evidence-based technique that can improve our memories,” Jon explains. “They often involve thinking spatially. Start by visualising somewhere you know well, then mentally ‘place’ important information in that map. You can then ‘travel through’ that map when recalling.”

Think Sherlock’s ‘mind palace’ from the BBC adaptation of Arthur Conan Doyle’s books. Jon points out that pre-BBC, this strategy was familiar to ancient Greek and Roman orators. They called it the method of loci, using it as a way to remember extremely long speeches. It can also be helpful for everyday tasks, like remembering a shopping list.

gettyimages-1270935214.jpg

Jon’s tip for this method is to make the memory triggers striking. Associate the eggs on your shopping list with a fire-breathing dragon guarding its young, for example, and the sensory impression might be distinct enough to stand out from the background noise. 

“The more bizarre the better! Our memories have a big job in trying to differentiate one memory from another. We can help it out by making key information more distinctive. This helps our brains to distinguish memories from one another, and stop irrelevant ones from overlapping or interfering.”

Indeed, one of the functions of the hippocampus is to perform pattern separation – trying to make our memories distinct. If memories are too similar, we find it harder to recall specific experiences. 

This might go some way to explaining the ‘brain fog’ many experienced during COVID-19 lockdowns. With days inside tending to repeat familiar routines, we had less distinct and varied experiences. Our brains were less able to create rich, meaningful memories. Looking back on 2020 and 2021, people find it hard to separate what happened when.

There’s a lesson for non-lockdown living here too. If we want a rich life that feels like it lasts longer and is full of accessible, interesting memories, we should prioritise variety in our experience.

To further improve memory function, we should strive to decrease stress, fear and anxiety (where possible). These emotional states increase our cognitive load and reduce our memory abilities.

“When anxious thoughts flood our minds, they compete for space in our working memory and impair our ability to recall long-term memories. They pull attention and resources away from the things we’d like to focus on. If we can find ways to reduce stress and anxiety, our memory can often bounce back.”

While this might be easier said than done, science has concrete recommendations for reducing stress and anxiety. Done consistently, a healthy diet, regular exercise and a good sleep schedule, as well as techniques like mindfulness practice, can have transformative effects. 

Researchers like Jon are deepening our understanding of what memories are. The Memory Lab follows an illustrious line of Cambridge psychologists who identified key pieces of memory’s endless puzzle. Wherever the next steps lead, they will affirm a wonder of nature: the intricate patterns our mind weaves to make sense of the world outside.

For a handy guide to building mental resilience, check out Brain Boost by Dr Barbara Sahakian and Dr Christelle Langley. To focus on fighting anxiety with scientific techniques, try Dr Olivia Remes.

To find out how you can participate in Memory Lab studies, get in touch.

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

The University’s Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Innovation, Dr Diarmuid O’Brien, has been appointed as the first Chief Executive Officer of Research Ireland, Ireland’s new research and innovation funding agency, based in Dublin. 

Dr O’Brien, who is an Irish citizen, will leave his role in Cambridge in September.

Vice-Chancellor Professor Deborah Prentice said: “Diarmuid has helped deliver genuine progress in ensuring that Cambridge continues to be recognised globally as a centre of innovation and technology, building partnerships, working with Government, and driving UK economic growth.

“We have great plans and ambitions, including for a new Innovation Hub in the heart of this city. We wish Diarmuid well in his exciting new role in Ireland.”

Dr O’Brien, who was previously Chief Executive of Cambridge Enterprise, said: “I have hugely enjoyed my time in Cambridge, which is a thriving world leader in innovation.

“The brilliant people and dynamic ecosystem here will continue to generate the startups and success stories of the future. I look forward to watching Cambridge flourish.”

He will remain in the role until September, with Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research, Professor Sir John Aston, providing continuing leadership through the transition from Diarmuid to his successor. Recruitment will begin in due course.
 

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Under de senaste åren har vi sett en betydande förändring i hur spelare interagerar med sina favoritplattformar. Den ökade nyttjandegraden av olika tjänster är ett resultat av att företagen fokuserar på användarvänlighet och säkerhet. Genom att erbjuda smidiga betalningsmetoder och robusta system för kundsupport kan spelupplevelsen förbättras avsevärt. Den ständiga utvecklingen av betalningstrender visar på en marknadsanpassning som gynnar både spelare och operatörer.

Med de nya alternativen som finns tillgängliga, särskilt inom mobila lösningar, får intresserade spelare större frihet att delta i aktiviteter när som helst och var som helst. Detta skapar en dynamisk miljö där framtidsutsikterna för markningen tyder på en fortsatt tillväxt. Genom att noggrant genomföra marknadsanalys kan aktörerna identifiera områden för expansion och förbättringar, vilket i sin tur kommer att ytterligare förfina spelupplevelsen för användarna.

Att förstå och implementera de senaste trenderna inom spelbranschen är avgörande för att hålla sig konkurrenskraftig. Med ökat fokus på säkerhet och användartillfredsställelse har företagen möjlighet att skap en långsiktig relation med sina kunder, vilket är en viktig faktor för framgång i detta ständigt föränderliga klimat.

Fördelar med BankID för spelare på casinon

BankID har revolutionerat den finansiella transaktionen inom spelverksamhet, och dess framtidsutsikter fortsätter att vara lovande. Spelare drar nytta av hög säkerhet genom en enkel och snabb identifieringsprocess. Denna metod minimerar risken för bedrägerier och skapar en trygg miljö för användarna.

Effektiviteten i betalningar är en annan stor fördel. Med BankID kan insättningar och uttag genomföras omedelbart, vilket förbättrar spelupplevelsen avsevärt. Spelare slipper långa väntetider och kan fokusera mer på spelet snarare än på administrativa uppgifter.

Många plattformar erbjuder även mobila alternativ, vilket innebär att spelare kan använda BankID via sina smartphones. Detta bidrar till en smidig och flexibel spelupplevelse, som är perfekt anpassad till en modern livsstil. Med en växande nytta av mobila lösningar, blir det alltmer relevant att integrera sådana betalningsmetoder.

Kundsupport spelar också en stor roll i hur BankID används. Många speloperatörer har anpassat sina supporttjänster för att hjälpa spelare med frågor som rör denna betalningsmetod. Detta ökar användarvänligheten och förtroendet hos spelare, vilket i sin tur förstärker företagets ställning på marknaden.

En marknadsanalys av betalningstrender visar att val av säkerhetslösningar som BankID ökar nyttjandegraden. Spelare prioriterar tryggheten och hastigheten i transaktioner, vilket gör det avgörande för operatörer att implementera effektiva lösningar. Med den fortsatta utvecklingen av betalningstekniker förväntas BankID förbli en ledande aktör i branschen.

Hur BankID förändrar registreringsprocessen på nätcasinon

BankID har blivit en integrerad del av registreringsprocessen för användare som söker snabba och säkra alternativ. Med fokus på användarvänlighet gör detta system det möjligt att bekräfta identitet på ett sätt som är både enkelt och tillgängligt. Istället för att fylla i långa formulär kan spelare nu genomföra registreringen med bara ett par klick, vilket markant ökar effektiviteten hos processen.

En marknadsanalys visar att många aktörer på denna digitala plattform har anpassat sig till denna nya metod, vilket har förbättrat nyttjandegraden av tjänsterna. Spelare kan enkelt registrera sig via sina mobila enheter, vilket ytterligare ökar tillgängligheten och gör det möjligt att spela när som helst, var som helst.

Säkerhet är en annan nyckelkomponent. Med BankID kan användare lita på att deras information hanteras på ett tryggt sätt. Detta bidrar inte bara till en bättre spelupplevelse utan även till att bygga en stark relation mellan spelare och operatörer.

Eftersom många spelare idag föredrar mobila alternativ, ger användningen av BankID operatörer en konkurrensfördel. Det förenklade tillvägagångssättet attraherar fler kunder, vilket i sin tur leder till ökad kundsupport och bättre relationer mellan parterna.

Med framtidsutsikter som pekar på ständigt föränderliga betalningstrender, kommer BankID troligtvis att fortsätta vara en central aktör på denna arena. Spelare uppskattar snabb och säker registrering, och det är en indikator på hur branschen kommer att utvecklas mot större användarvänlighet och optimerade processer.

Säkerhetsaspekter av BankID i online-gaming

Säkerhet är en av de mest centrala faktorerna inom online-underhållning, där användarnas information och transaktioner måste skyddas mot potentiella hot. Genom att använda BankID som autentisering erbjuder plattformarna en hög nivå av säkerhet. Marknadsanalys visar att konsumenterna värderar trygghet och är mer benägna att välja tjänster som har pålitliga betalningsmetoder.

Framtidsutsikter för användningen av digital identifiering i spelbranschen är lovande. Med en ökad användarvänlighet kan spelare enkelt och snabbt legitimeras, vilket främjar en smidigare spelupplevelse. Detta eliminerar behovet av krångliga registreringsprocesser och ökar samtidigt effektiviteten i betalningstrenderna.

Mobila alternativ blir allt mer populära, och med BankID blir det möjligt att genomföra transaktioner direkt från smartphones och tablets. Förmågan att utföra snabba och säkra betalningar gör det möjligt för användare att fokusera på spelet snarare än på administrativa uppgifter som ofta kan vara frustrerande och tidskrävande.

Ökningen av nyttjandegrad av BankID föreslår att fler spelare söker efter trygga och enkla lösningar för sina finansiella transaktioner. Genom att skapa en trygg miljö för spel kan plattformarna attrahera och behålla kunder i en konkurrensutsatt sektor, där säkerhet och användarvänlighet är avgörande för framgång.

Framtiden för spelmarknaden med BankID-integration

Den svenska spelmarknaden står inför en spännande framtid tack vare den ökande användningen av BankID, vilket skapar nya möjligheter för både operatörer och spelare. Framtidsutsikterna är lovande, och vi ser en trend mot mer effektiva, användarvänliga och säkra spelalternativ.

• Mobila alternativ: Mobilspel är på frammarsch, och BankID gör det möjligt för spelare att enkelt och snabbt logga in och transaktioner genomförs automatiskt, vilket förbättrar spelupplevelsen.
• Effektivitet: Med smidiga inloggningsmetoder kan spelare fokusera mer på spelet istället för att ständigt hantera komplicerade registreringsprocesser.
• Användarvänlighet: Med en enkel och intuitiv plattform ökar nyttjandegraden av tjänster, där spelare har lättare att navigera och utforska olika alternativ.
• Kundsupport: Förbättrad kommunikation mellan kunder och operatörer är avgörande för spelarnas tillfredsställelse. Snabb och hjälpsam support bygger förtroende och lojalitet.
• Säkerhet: BankID:s autentisering gör transaktioner mer säkra, vilket minskar risken för bedrägerier och skyddar spelarnas uppgifter.

Marknadsanalys visar att spelare uppskattar plattformar som prioriterar säkerhet och användarvänlighet. En framtid där BankID är ett vanligt inslag i spelupplevelsen lovar att öka antalet aktiva spelare och därmed förbättra marknadens tillväxt.

För den som söker alternativa alternativ finns även möjligheter till spelande på sidor med utländska casino med Trustly, vilket ytterligare breddar valmöjligheterna och variationerna för spelare.

Frågor och svar:

Vad är BankID och hur fungerar det på nya casinon?

BankID är en elektronisk identifieringstjänst som används i Sverige för att bekräfta identitet vid olika typer av online-tjänster, inklusive casinon. På nya casinon som integrerar BankID kan spelare snabbt och enkelt logga in och genomföra transaktioner utan att behöva skapa ett användarkonto med användarnamn och lösenord. Detta gör spelupplevelsen smidigare och mer säker, eftersom BankID erbjuder en säker metod för att bekräfta identiteten.

Varför har nya casinon börjat använda BankID?

Nya casinon har börjat använda BankID för att attrahera fler spelare och för att underlätta registreringsprocessen. Genom att erbjuda BankID som ett alternativ för inloggning och verifiering kan casinon minska tidskrävande processer och öka säkerheten. Spelare uppskattar den snabba åtkomsten och mindre administration, vilket kan leda till högre kundnöjdhet.

Hur påverkar BankID säkerheten på casinon?

BankID ökar säkerheten på casinon genom att erbjuda tvåfaktorsautentisering vid inloggning och transaktioner. Detta skyddar spelarna från bedrägerier och identitetsstöld. Eftersom BankID är kopplat till spelarens bankkonto och personliga uppgifter, minskar risken för obehörig åtkomst och det blir svårare för bedrägerier att genomföras. Casinon kan också känna sig tryggare i sin verksamhet när spelare verifieras genom denna metod.

Vad är skillnaden mellan traditionell registrering och registrering med BankID?

Traditionell registrering kräver att spelaren fyller i ett formulär med personlig information, inklusive namn, adress och e-post. Detta kan ta tid och innebär en risk för att uppgifterna hanteras felaktigt. Registrering med BankID å sin sida kräver endast en bekräftelse av identiteten genom BankID-appen. Detta förkortar registreringstiden avsevärt och minskar risken för felaktigheter i informationen.

Vilka fördelar finns det med att välja ett casino som erbjuder BankID?

Casinon som erbjuder BankID har flera fördelar. För det första möjliggör de snabbare och smidigare registrering och inloggning, som gör att spelare kan börja spela nästan omedelbart. För det andra erbjuder dessa casinon ofta högre säkerhet, vilket är en viktig aspekt för många spelare. Dessutom kan många av dessa casinon också erbjuda snabba uttag, eftersom de redan har verifierad identitet via BankID, vilket gör hela spelupplevelsen mer tillfredsställande.

Het selecteren van een online speelgelegenheid vereist een zorgvuldige afweging van verschillende factoren. Bij de licentiecontrole begint de zoektocht naar een veilige en plezierige spelervaring. Het is belangrijk om niet te vervallen in de valkuilen van hopeloze aanbieders die mogelijk niet aan de vereisten voldoen. Daarom is het cruciaal om vertrouwde platforms te identificeren waar spelers met volledige gemoedsrust kunnen genieten van hun favoriete spellen.

Uitbetalingslimieten en de beschikbaarheid van diverse betalingssystemen zijn ook belangrijke elementen om rekening mee te houden bij het kiezen van een speelplek. Een goede klantenservice kan het verschil maken, vooral als er vragen of problemen opduiken tijdens het spel. Beoordelingen van andere klanten kunnen waardevolle inzichten bieden over de betrouwbaarheid en kwaliteit van een aanbieder.

Bij het samenstellen van een speelportfolio is het essentieel om te kijken naar de kwaliteit van de beschikbare spellen. De speeltechnologie speelt hierbij een grote rol en beïnvloedt de algehele spelervaring. Door gebruik te maken van vergelijkingscriteria kunnen spelers de opties beter tegen elkaar afwegen. Deze aanpak zorgt ervoor dat de juiste keuzes worden gemaakt in de zoektocht naar een betrouwbare speelomgeving.

Hoe Herken Je Een Betrouwbaar Casino?

Bij het selecteren van een online speelplatform is het cruciaal om aandacht te besteden aan verschillende aspecten die de veiligheid en betrouwbaarheid ervan garanderen. Spelen met veiligheid houdt in dat meerdere factoren zorgvuldig worden geëvalueerd om hopeloze aanbieders te vermijden.

Een belangrijke stap is het controleren van de licentie. Een legitieme operator beschikt over de nodige vergunningen die bevestigen dat zij voldoen aan de wettelijke vereisten en normen. Dit geeft spelers de zekerheid dat ze zich in een gereguleerde omgeving bevinden.

Betalingssystemen spelen ook een significante rol. Kijk naar de aangeboden methoden voor stortingen en opnames. Betrouwbare platforms bieden bekende en veilige betalingsopties, waardoor spelers erop kunnen vertrouwen dat hun financiële gegevens goed beschermd zijn.

Daarnaast is het verstandig om de speeltechnologie onder de loep te nemen. Innovatieve en betrouwbare softwareontwikkelaars zorgen ervoor dat het aanbod van spellen niet alleen divers is, maar ook veilig en eerlijk. Een breed speelportfolio met verschillende spelvarianten geeft spelers de kans om hun voorkeuren te verkennen.

Klantenreviews zijn een waardevolle bron van informatie. Het lezen van ervaringen van andere spelers biedt inzicht in de betrouwbaarheid van de aanbieder en hoe zij omgaan met klachten of problemen. Let ook op de uitbetalingslimieten, aangezien betrouwbare aanbieders transparant zijn over hun voorwaarden.

Bij het vergelijken van verschillende platforms is het handig om specifieke vergelijkingscriteria op te stellen. Dit kan helpen om snel een informatieve afweging te maken en de juiste keuze te maken uit de vele beschikbare opties in de online gokwereld.

Wat Zijn De Voordelen Van Spelen Zonder CRUKS?

Spelen zonder registratie in het CRUKS-systeem biedt verschillende voordelen voor spelers die op zoek zijn naar een meer flexibele gokervaring. Eén van de belangrijkste voordelen is dat je sneller toegang hebt tot een breed aanbod van spellen. Je hoeft geen uitgebreide procedures te doorlopen, wat tijd en moeite bespaart.

Bij dit soort platforms heb je de kans om onbetwiste aanbieders te vermijden. Vaak is de kwaliteit van de klantenservice bij deze sites aanzienlijk hoger, omdat ze afhankelijk zijn van positieve klantenreviews om hun reputatie op te bouwen. Dit leidt vaak tot snellere reactietijden en een betere algehele ervaring.

Daarnaast kunnen spelers profiteren van een uitgebreid speelportfolio dat gevarieerde speeltechnologieën omvat. Dit betekent dat je een breed scala aan spellen kunt uitproberen zonder je zorgen te maken over beperkingen die vaak voorkomen bij meer traditionele casino’s.

Een ander aspect om te overwegen is de licentiecontrole. Veel van deze aanbieders opereren onder strikte regels en beschikken over betrouwbare licenties, wat een extra laag van bescherming biedt. Dit in combinatie met aantrekkelijke uitbetalingslimieten maakt het nog interessanter voor spelers die hun winst willen maximaliseren.

Ook de betalingssystemen zijn vaak diverser en flexibeler. Dit maakt het gemakkelijker om stortingen en opnames te doen, zonder te kampen met langdurige wachttijden. In feite zijn er meerdere opties beschikbaar die passen bij de voorkeuren van verschillende spelers.

Samenvattend, het spelen zonder CRUKS biedt de mogelijkheid om te genieten van een ongehinderd gok avontuur met vele voordelen in termen van klantenservice, licentiecontrole, en een veelzijdig aanbod aan spellen.

Welke Veiligheidsmaatregelen Neem Je Bij Online Gokken?

Wanneer je online gokken overweegt, is het van groot belang om jouw veiligheid te waarborgen. Hier zijn enkele maatregelen die je kunt nemen om ervoor te zorgen dat je kunt spelen met veiligheid en zonder zorgen:

• Licentiecontrole: Controleer altijd of het online platform een geldige licentie heeft. Dit geeft aan dat de aanbieder zich aan strikte regels houdt.
• Betalingssystemen: Kies enkel voor casinos die veilige en betrouwbare betalingsmethoden aanbieden. Dit vermindert het risico op financiële fraude.
• Klantenservice: Een goede klantenservice is onmisbaar. Zorg ervoor dat je snel hulp kunt krijgen als dat nodig is.
• Klantenreviews: Lees de ervaringen van andere spelers. Reviews kunnen je inzicht geven in betrouwbare en hopeloze aanbieders.
• Speeltechnologie: Bekijk welke speeltechnologie wordt gebruikt. Goede technologie zorgt voor een veilige en eerlijke speelervaring.
• Vergelijkingscriteria: Gebruik verschillende vergelijkingscriteria om casinos met elkaar te vergelijken. Dit helpt je de beste keuze te maken.

Voor degenen die op zoek zijn naar platforms zonder strenge identificatieprocessen, zijn er opties zoals een online casino zonder cruks beschikbaar. Dit kan aantrekkelijk zijn voor spelers die snel willen beginnen zonder veel gedoe.

Door deze veiligheidsmaatregelen in acht te nemen, kun je met een gerust hart online gokken en genieten van de spannendste spellen in het spelportfolio dat casino’s aanbieden.

Hoe Beoordeel Je Casino Bonussen Zonder CRUKS?

Bij het evalueren van promoties van online goksites, is het slim om aandacht te besteden aan verschillende vergelijkingscriteria. Een belangrijk aspect is het spelportfolio dat de aanbieder aanbiedt. Diversiteit in spellen kan wijzen op een goed onderhouden platform en biedt spelers meer keuzemogelijkheden.

Daarnaast is de gebruikte speeltechnologie een kritisch punt. Een betrouwbare site maakt gebruik van moderne technologieën die zorgen voor een soepele speelervaring en veiligheid. Kijk ook naar de licentiecontrole; een gokplatform met een geldige licentie is per definitie betrouwbaarder en biedt meer zekerheid.

Bij het beoordelen van bonussen is het nuttig om naar betalingssystemen te kijken. Vertrouwde aanbieders hanteren veilige en populaire methoden. Daarnaast zijn uitbetalingslimieten ook een factor die spelers in overweging moeten nemen, aangezien hoge limieten wijzen op ruimhartigheid.

Klantenreviews bieden vaak een goed beeld van wat je kunt verwachten van een platform. Deze kunnen je helpen om hopeloze aanbieders te vermijden en te kiezen voor sites die een positieve reputatie hebben. Een goede klantenservice is ook essentieel; snel en efficiënt reageren op vragen is een teken van professionaliteit.

Vraag-en-antwoord:

Wat is een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS?

Een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS is een online kansspelplatform dat geen gebruik maakt van het Centraal Register Uitsluiting Kansspelen (CRUKS). Dit betekent dat spelers niet verplicht zijn om zich in te schrijven in dit register, wat handig kan zijn voor spelers die dit register willen vermijden. Het is echter belangrijk om te zorgen dat het casino ook andere waarborgen voor veiligheid en eerlijkheid biedt, zoals een licentie en goede klantenservice.

Hoe herken je een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS?

Om een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS te herkennen, kijk je naar verschillende factoren. Controleer of het casino een geldige licentie heeft van een betrouwbare kansspelautoriteit, zoals de Kansspelautoriteit in Nederland of een andere gerenommeerde instantie. Lees ook recensies van andere spelers en kijk naar de beschikbare betaalmethoden. Een goede klantenservice is ook een indicatie van betrouwbaarheid.

Wat zijn de risico’s van spelen in een casino zonder CRUKS?

Het spelen in een casino zonder CRUKS kan verschillende risico’s met zich meebrengen. Ten eerste is er een verhoogd risico op onverantwoord speelgedrag, omdat er geen registratie is die kan helpen bij het blokkeren van probleemspelers. Daarnaast is het mogelijk dat sommige van deze casinos niet strikt gereguleerd zijn, waardoor de kans groter is dat je te maken krijgt met oneerlijke praktijken. Het is belangrijk om je bewust te zijn van je eigen speelgedrag en om verantwoord te spelen.

Kan ik veilig storten en opnemen in een casino zonder CRUKS?

Ja, het is mogelijk om veilig te storten en op te nemen in een casino zonder CRUKS, maar het is cruciaal om te controleren welke betaalmethoden het casino aanbiedt. Betrouwbare casinos bieden doorgaans bekende en veilige betaalopties zoals iDEAL, creditcards of e-wallets zoals PayPal. Zorg ervoor dat het casino gebruik maakt van encryptietechnologie om je financiële gegevens te beschermen. Lees ook de voorwaarden voor opnames goed door, zodat je niet voor verrassingen komt te staan.

Wat moet ik doen als ik problemen ondervind met een casino zonder CRUKS?

Als je problemen ondervindt met een casino zonder CRUKS, is het belangrijk om eerst contact op te nemen met de klantenservice van het casino. Veel betrouwbare casinos hebben meerdere contactmogelijkheden, zoals e-mail, telefoon en live chat. Als je geen oplossing kunt vinden via de klantenservice, kun je overwegen om de kwestie te escaleren naar een relevante kansspelautoriteit of een consumentenorganisatie. Het is altijd goed om je rechten als speler te kennen en te weten waar je terecht kunt met klachten.

Wat zijn de belangrijkste punten om op te letten bij het kiezen van een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS?

Bij het selecteren van een betrouwbaar casino zonder CRUKS, zijn er verschillende factoren om in overweging te nemen. Ten eerste is het van belang om te kijken naar de licenties en de regulering van het casino. Een casino dat is gelicentieerd door een gerenommeerde autoriteit biedt vaak meer zekerheid over eerlijk spelen en de bescherming van spelers. Daarnaast is het raadzaam om recensies en ervaringen van andere spelers te lezen. Dit kan inzicht geven in de betrouwbaarheid en de klantenservice van het casino. Ook is het nuttig om te controleren welke betaalmethoden beschikbaar zijn en of deze veilig en betrouwbaar zijn. Tot slot, kijk naar de beschikbare spellen en bonusvoorwaarden, zodat je een weloverwogen keuze kunt maken.

Waarom kiezen spelers soms voor een casino zonder CRUKS in plaats van een geregistreerd casino?

Spelers kiezen soms voor een casino zonder CRUKS om verschillende redenen. Een van de belangrijkste redenen is de vrijheid die dergelijke casino’s bieden. Sommige spelers willen niet dat hun speelgedrag wordt geregistreerd of beperkt, wat kan gebeuren bij CRUKS-geregistreerde casino’s. Daarnaast kan de toegang tot bepaalde spellen en bonussen aantrekkelijker zijn in niet-geregistreerde casino’s. Dit kan spelers aanmoedigen om te kiezen voor een casino dat minder beperkingen oplegt. Echter, het is essentieel voor spelers om zich bewust te zijn van de mogelijke risico’s van het gokken bij dergelijke casino’s, zoals een gebrek aan bescherming en ondersteuning in geval van problemen.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The Vice-Chancellor, Professor Deborah Prentice, has led a delegation to Devon, North Somerset and Bristol. It was the first time a serving Cambridge Vice-Chancellor had travelled to the region in an official capacity to engage with local schools and alumni.

The students we met were impressiveProfessor Deborah Prentice

The South West of England has one of the country’s lowest levels of student progression into higher education. One of the key objectives of the visit was to engage with pupils and teachers in an area that is conspicuously under-represented in applications and admissions to Cambridge.

First stop was Colyton Grammar School, in east Devon, where Professor Prentice talked to school leaders about the barriers encountered by students from the region wishing to attend university. Joining her were representatives from Downing College, which has a particular connection to the area.They were also joined by Mike Nicholson, the University’s Director of Recruitment, Admissions and Participation, and Tom Levinson, Head of Widening Participation and Collaborative Outreach.

The University of Cambridge and Downing College have partnered with the University of Bristol and the Sutton Trust to support the Colyton Foundation Your Future Story – a programme that aims to support high attaining students from under-resourced backgrounds in the South West to pursue higher education opportunities.

In the evening, the Vice-Chancellor attended a reception in Bristol which was attended by nearly 50 Cambridge alumni, including one who matriculated in 1949. 

The following day the Vice-Chancellor travelled to North Somerset for a visit to Priory Community School, part of an Academy Trust in Worle, near Weston-super-Mare. Mike Nicholson led a school assembly for year 11 students. Later that morning, Xanthe Robertson, Access and Recruitment Officer of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, led assemblies for 1,500 students in Years 7 through to 10. 

The Vice-Chancellor and colleagues were interviewed by members of a student news team named after the journalist Jill Dando, who grew up in Worle. The visitors noted that among the school’s notable alumni was Stephen Jenkins, current Professor of Physical & Computational Surface Chemistry at Cambridge.

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The next stop was Weston College, a further and higher education College in Weston-super-Mare that provides education and vocational training to students from the age of 14 through to adulthood. There the group met Sixth Form students to hear about their aspirations.

The final leg of the journey took the Cambridge delegation to St Bede’s Catholic and Sixth Form College in Bristol. The school is part of the HE+ network, through which the University of Cambridge and Colleges work together with schools FE establishments across the country to encourage applications from talented students.

Reflecting on her visit, the Vice-Chancellor said: “Travelling to the South West allowed me to learn more about the region and to understand some of the barriers to aspiration and attainment that prevent bright students from pursuing higher education. The students we met were impressive. Their teachers’ commitment to supporting their educational journey is outstanding. I hope that the outreach partnerships between the University, the Colleges and local schools will help us attract talented students to Cambridge, and will more generally encourage them to consider going to university.”

This visit to the South West followed the Vice-Chancellor’s trip to Rochdale, Manchester and Liverpool a year ago and her visit to Peterborough in the autumn of 2024.

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

Nick Thomas-Symonds MP, the Paymaster General and Minister with responsibility for EU relations, visited Cambridge on Thursday 13 March.  

The visit provided the Minister with an opportunity to meet with senior academics to discuss the success of EU funding streams and collaboration with EU institutions, and how this has enabled decisive breakthroughs at Cambridge. 

Professor Erwin Reisner, Professor of Energy and Sustainability, greeted the Minister at the Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry and demonstrated a history of the Chemistry Department’s scientific breakthroughs, before welcoming him to the Reisner Laboratory. During their tour of the Laboratory, Mr Thomas-Symonds also met with Professor Reisner’s team of researchers, some of whom are in receipt of funding from the EU’s prestigious Marie Curie postdoctoral fellowship programme.  

Professor Reisner, who has a successful history of securing ERC and Horizon funding awards, then introduced his own work, which focuses on the development of concepts to make fuels, chemicals and plastics from the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.  

Mr Thomas-Symonds also received an insight into their research through a series of demonstrations. PhD student Beverly Low supervised him in the Lab’s glovebox, preparing a sample for the solar reforming of biomass waste. Her colleague Andrea Rogolino showed how the team use sunlight to produce hydrogen from biomass waste. 

Professor Erwin Reisner said: “The Minister showed great talent in the lab – he handled a glovebox very well and prepared a sample to produce hydrogen from biomass using solar energy. The visit provided us an opportunity to emphasise the importance of a close alliance with our friends and colleagues in Europe.”

After his tour of the Reisner Lab, the Minister attended a roundtable discussion with Cambridge ERC grant-holders and University leaders. He was joined by academics from across disciplines and heard from those in receipt of funding from variety of EU funding streams.  

The Minister spoke to Professor Chiara Ciccarelli (Professor of Physics), Professor Erwin Reisner (Professor of Energy and Sustainability), Professor Marcos Martinón-Torres (Pitt-Rivers Professor of Archaeological Science) and Professor David Fairen-Jimenez (Professor of Molecular Engineering and co-founder of successful Cambridge spinouts).  

The roundtable was Chaired by leading Professor of EU Law, Professor Catherine Barnard, and joined by the University’s Director of Research Services, Dr Andrew Jackson. 

Following his visit to the Department of Chemistry, the Minister delivered The Mackenzie-Stuart Lecture, at the University’s Centre for European Legal Studies. 

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

Around one in five (over 19%) of India’s deaf and hard-of-hearing children were out-of-school in 2014, according to a survey conducted for the Indian Government. A new study calls on the Government to address this ongoing educational crisis by recognising Indian Sign Language as an official language; rejecting ‘oralism’, the belief that deaf people can and should communicate exclusively by lipreading and speech; and opening more schools and higher education institutes for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students.

India does not have enough teachers trained to support deaf and hard-of-hearing studentsAbhimanyu Sharma

“Many thousands of children who are deaf or hard-of-hearing are missing out on school in India,” said Dr Abhimanyu Sharma, from Cambridge’s Faculty of Modern & Medieval Languages & Linguistics, the study’s author. “This has a huge impact on their wellbeing and life chances.”

“One of the main reasons for this very high dropout rate is that their schools do not offer education in sign language.”

Dr Sharma’s study, published today in Language Policy, explains that sign language continues to be ‘shunned’ in most Indian schools because it is still stigmatised as a visible marker of deafness. But, he argues, the alternative preferred by many schools, ‘oralism’ harms the school attainment of deaf students.

“Outside of India, ‘oralism’ is widely criticised but the majority of schools in India continue to use it,” Dr Sharma says. “Gesturing is not sign language, sign language is a language in its own right and these children need it.”

“When I was in primary school in Patna, one of my fellow students was deaf. Sign language was not taught in our school and it was very difficult for him. I would like to support the charities, teachers and policymakers in India who are working hard to improve education for such students today.”

Dr Sharma acknowledges that the Indian Government has taken important steps to make education more inclusive and welcomes measures such as the establishment of the Indian Sign Language Research and Training Centre in 2015. But, he argues, far more work is needed to ensure that DHH students receive the education which they need and to which they are legally entitled.

Sharma calls for constitutional recognition for Indian Sign Language (ISL) as well as recognition of ISL users as a linguistic minority. Being added to India’s de facto list of official languages would direct more Government financial support to Indian Sign Language.

“Central and state governments need to open more schools and higher education institutes for deaf and hard-of-hearing students,” Sharma also argues.

“In the whole of India, there are only 387 schools for deaf and hard-of-hearing children. The Government urgently needs to open many more specialist schools to support the actual number of deaf and hard-of-hearing children, which has been underestimated.”

He points out that deaf and hard-of-hearing people were undercounted in India’s last census because of the use of problematic terminology. The 2011 census reported around 5 million deaf and hard-of-hearing people in the country but in 2016, the National Association of the Deaf estimated that the true figure was closer to 18 million people.

Sharma also highlights the need for more higher education institutions for these students as there are very few special colleges for them, such as the St. Louis Institute for Deaf and Blind (Chennai, Tamil Nadu). He also calls for an increase in the number of interpreter training programs available across Indian universities.

Dr Sharma advises central and state governments to conduct regular impact assessments of new policy measures to ensure that they are improving inclusion for deaf and hard-of-hearing people.

He also calls on the government to invest in research to support more targeted approaches to teaching and learning for DHH students, and to support public awareness campaigns to tackle biases and negative social attitudes towards deafness.

Dr Sharma’s study examines developments in Indian legislation and policy relating to DHH people since the 1950s. He highlights the fact that parliamentary debates in the Upper House about DHH people declined from 17 in the 1950s, to just 7 in the 1990s, before rising to 96 in the 2010s.

India’s language policy requires pupils to learn three languages at the secondary stage of schooling. Given the problematic nature of the three-language formula for deaf students, the 1995 Persons with Disabilities Act rescinds this requirement for these learners and decrees that they should learn only one language.

The drawback of the 1995 Act, however, is that it does not mention the use of sign language and does not specify how language learning for such learners will be realised. Dr Sharma recognises that the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 brought significant improvements but highlights the gap between decrees and implementation. The 2016 Act decrees that the Government and local authorities shall take measures to train and employ teachers who are qualified in sign language and to promote the use of sign language.

“In practice, India does not have enough teachers trained to support deaf and hard-of-hearing students, but I am positive that the country can achieve this,” Dr Sharma said.

References

A. Sharma, ‘India’s language policy for deaf and hard-of-hearing people’, Language Policy (2025). DOI: 10.1007/s10993-025-09729-7

For the % of India’s deaf and hard-of-hearing children out-of-school in 2014, see National Sample Survey of Estimation of Out-of-School Children in the Age 6–13, Social and Rural Research Institute 2014

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source: www.cam.ac.uk

People suffering from severe alcohol and opioid addiction are to be offered a revolutionary new technique involving planting electrodes in the brain to modulate brain activity and cravings and improve self-control.

We’ve seen how effective deep brain stimulation can be for neurological disorders from Parkinson’s to OCD to depression. We want to see if it can also transform the lives of people with intractable alcohol and opioid addictionValerie Voon

The technique – known as deep brain stimulation – is to be trialled at Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, and King’s College Hospital, London. The team behind the Brain-PACER: Brain Pacemaker Addiction Control to End Relapse study is currently recruiting individuals with severe alcohol or opioid addiction who are interested in taking part.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure that delivers ongoing stimulation to the brain. DBS acts as a brain pacemaker to normalise abnormal brain activity. It is well-tolerated, effective and widely used for neurological disorders and obsessive compulsive disorder.

Although there have been several proof-of-concept studies that suggest DBS is effective in addictions, Brain-PACER – a collaboration between the University of Cambridge, Kings College London and the University of Oxford – is the first major, multicentre study to use DBS to treat craving and relapse in severe addiction.

Chief Investigator Professor Valerie Voon, from the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge, said: “While many people who experience alcohol or drug addiction can, with the right support, control their impulses, for some people, their addiction is so severe that no treatments are effective. Their addiction is hugely harmful to their health and wellbeing, to their relationships and their everyday lives.

“Initial evidence suggests that deep brain stimulation may be able to help these individuals manage their conditions. We’ve seen how effective it can be for other neurological disorders from Parkinson’s to OCD to depression. We want to see if it can also transform the lives of people with intractable alcohol and opioid addiction.”

The primary aim of the Brain-PACER study is to assess the effects of DBS to treat alcohol and opioid addiction in a randomised controlled trial study. Its mission is twofold: to develop effective treatments for addiction and to understand the brain mechanisms that drive addiction disorders.

DBS is a neurosurgical treatment that involves implanting a slender electrode in the brain and a pacemaker under general anaesthesia. These electrodes deliver electrical impulses to modulate neural activity, which can help alleviate symptoms of various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Keyoumars Ashkan, Professor of Neurosurgery at King’s College Hospital and the lead surgeon for the study, said: “Deep brain stimulation is a powerful surgical technique that can transform lives. It will be a major leap forward if we can show efficacy in this very difficult disease with huge burden to the patients and society.”

During surgery, thin electrodes are carefully placed in precise locations of the brain. These locations are chosen based on the condition being treated. For addiction, the electrodes are placed in areas involved in reward, motivation, and decision-making.

Harry Bulstrode, Honorary Consultant Neurosurgeon at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Clinical Lecturer at the University of Cambridge, said: “We see first-hand how deep brain stimulation surgery can be life-changing for patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor. Thanks to this trial, I am now hopeful that we can help patients and their families – who have often struggled for years – by targeting the parts of the brain linked to addiction.”

Dr David Okai, Visiting Senior Lecturer from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, added: “DBS is safe, reversible and adjustable, so it offers a flexible option for managing chronic conditions. We hope it will offer a lifeline to help improve the quality of life for patients whose treatment until now has been unsuccessful.”

Details on the trial, including criteria for participation and how to sign up, can be found on the Brain-PACER website.

The research is supported by the Medical Research Council, UK Research & Innovation.

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