source: www.cam.ac.uk

Researchers have captured the first clear view of the hidden architecture that helps shape a simple multicellular organism, showing how cells work together to build complex life forms.

In a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a team of British and German scientists revealed the structure of the extracellular matrix in Volvox carteri, a type of green algae that is often used to study how multicellular organisms evolved from single-celled ancestors.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a scaffold-like material that surrounds cells, providing physical support, influencing shape, and playing an important role in development and signalling. Found in animals, plants, fungi and algae, it also played a vital part in the transition from unicellular to multicellular life.

Because the ECM exists outside the cells that produce it, scientists believe it forms through self-assembly: a process still not fully understood, even in the simplest organisms.

To investigate, researchers at the University of Bielefeld genetically engineered a strain of Volvox in which a key ECM protein called pherophorin II was made fluorescent so the matrix’s structure could be clearly seen under a microscope.

What they saw was an intricate foam-like network of rounded compartments that wrapped around each of Volvox’s roughly 2,000 somatic, or non-reproductive, cells.

Working with mathematicians at the University of Cambridge, the team used machine learning to quantify the geometry of these compartments. The data revealed a stochastic, or randomly influenced, growth pattern that shares similarities with the way foams expand when hydrated.

These shapes followed a statistical pattern that also appears in materials like grains and emulsions, and in biological tissues. The findings suggest that while individual cells produce ECM proteins at uneven rates, the overall organism maintains a regular, spherical form.

That coexistence – between noisy behaviour at the level of single cells and precise geometry at the level of the whole organism – raises new questions about how multicellular life manages to build reliable forms from unreliable parts.

“Our results provide quantitative information relating to a fundamental question in developmental biology: how do cells make structures external to themselves in a robust and accurate manner,” said Professor Raymond E Goldstein from Cambridge’s Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, who co-led the research. “It also shows the exciting results we can achieve when biologists, physicists and mathematicians work together on understanding the mysteries of life.”

“By tracking a single structural protein, we gained insight into the principles behind the self-organisation of the extracellular matrix,” said Professor Armin Hallmann from the University of Bielefeld, who co-led the research. “Its geometry gives us a meaningful readout of how the organism develops as it grows.”

The research was carried out by postdoctoral researchers Dr Benjamin von der Heyde and Dr Eva Laura von der Heyde and Hallmann in Bielefeld, working with Cambridge PhD student Anand Srinivasan, postdoctoral researcher Dr Sumit Kumar Birwa, Senior Research Associate Dr Steph Höhn and Goldstein, the Alan Turing Professor of Complex Physical Systems in Cambridge’s Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics.

The project was supported in part by Wellcome and the John Templeton Foundation. Raymond Goldstein is a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge.

Reference:
B von der Heyde, A Srinivasan et al. ‘Spatiotemporal distribution of the glycoprotein pherophorin II reveals stochastic geometry of the growing ECM of Volvox carteri,’ Proceedings of the National Academy of Science (2025). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2425759122

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Researchers have found why common cuff-based blood pressure readings are inaccurate and how they might be improved, which could improve health outcomes for patients.

High blood pressure, or hypertension, is the top risk factor for premature death, associated with heart disease, strokes and heart attacks. However, inaccuracies in the most common form of blood pressure measurement mean that as many as 30% of cases of high blood pressure could be missed.

The researchers, from the University of Cambridge, built an experimental model that explained the physics behind these inaccuracies and provided a better understanding of the mechanics of cuff-based blood pressure readings.

The researchers say that some straightforward changes, which don’t necessarily involve replacing standard cuff-based measurement, could lead to more accurate blood pressure readings and better results for patients. Their results are reported in the journal PNAS Nexus.

Anyone who has ever had their blood pressure taken will be familiar with the cuff-based method. This type of measurement, also known as the auscultatory method, relies on inflating a cuff around the upper arm to the point where it cuts off blood flow to the lower arm, and then a clinician listens for tapping sounds in the arm through a stethoscope while the cuff is slowly deflated.

Blood pressure is inferred from readings taken from a pressure gauge attached to the deflating cuff. Blood pressure is given as two separate numbers: a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure. A blood pressure reading of 120/80 is considered ‘ideal’.

“The auscultatory method is the gold standard, but it overestimates diastolic pressure, while systolic pressure is underestimated,” said co-author Kate Bassil from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering. “We have a good understanding of why diastolic pressure is overestimated, but why systolic pressure is underestimated has been a bit of a mystery.”

“Pretty much every clinician knows blood pressure readings are sometimes wrong, but no one could explain why they are being underestimated — there’s a real gap in understanding,” said co-author Professor Anurag Agarwal, also from Cambridge’s Department of Engineering.

Previous non-clinical studies into measurement inaccuracy used rubber tubes that did not fully replicate how arteries collapse under cuff pressure, which masked the underestimation effect.

The researchers built a simplified physical model to isolate and study the effects of downstream blood pressure — the blood pressure in the part of the arm below the cuff. When the cuff is inflated and blood flow to the lower arm is cut off, it creates a very low downstream pressure. By reproducing this condition in their experimental rig, they determined this pressure difference causes the artery to stay closed for longer while the cuff deflates, delaying the reopening and leading to an underestimation of blood pressure.

This physical mechanism — the delayed reopening due to low downstream pressure — is the likely cause of underestimation, a previously unidentified factor. “We are currently not adjusting for this error when diagnosing or prescribing treatments, which has been estimated to lead to as many as 30% of cases of systolic hypertension being missed,” said Bassil.

Instead of the rubber tubes used in earlier physical models of arteries, the Cambridge researchers used tubes that lay flat when deflated and fully close when the cuff pressure is inflated, the key condition for reproducing the low downstream pressure observed in the body.

The researchers say that there are a range of potential solutions to this underestimation, which include raising the arm in advance of measurement, potentially producing a predictable downstream pressure and therefore predictable underestimation. This change doesn’t require new devices, just a modified protocol.

“You might not even need new devices, just changing how the measurement is done could make it more accurate,” said Agarwal.

However, if new devices for monitoring blood pressure are developed, they might ask for additional inputs which correlate with downstream pressure, to adjust what the ‘ideal’ readings might be for each individual. These may include age, BMI, or tissue characteristics.

The researchers hope to secure funding for clinical trials to test their findings in patients, and are looking for industrial or research partners to help refine their calibration models and validate the effect in diverse populations. Collaboration with clinicians will also be essential to implement changes to clinical practice.

The research was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Anurag Agarwal is a Fellow of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. 

Reference:
Kate Bassil and Anurag Agarwal. ‘Underestimation of systolic pressure in cuff-based blood pressure measurement.’ PNAS Nexus (2025). DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgaf222.

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Bookings are now open for Open Cambridge 2025 (12-21 September). This September the public can enjoy tours of College gardens, exhibitions from hidden archives, tours of University sites not usually open to the public as well as open sites across the city, all free of charge.

With over 70 drop-in and bookable events, Open Cambridge encourages people to discover more about their local history and communities. Taking place over 10 days, here is a preview of some of the events taking place. 

Experience 2 iconic Cambridge sites this September by booking on to guided tours of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) and the University of Cambridge’s Senate House. At MRAO, discover more about mysterious dishes which are dotted over the Cambridgeshire countryside. You’ll get up close to the One-Mile Telescope, 5-km Ryle Telescope, and the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager as well as see inside some of the control rooms and learn about the unique history of the site and some of the important discoveries made here. In the tours of Senate House, led by the University’s Ceremonial Officer, find out what goes on in this Grade 1 listed building during graduations as well as some of the incredible history to which the building has played host.  

Learn about the experiences of over 2000 Cambridgeshire soldiers who were sent last minute by Churchill to the failed defence of Singapore in WWII in a special talk by Lewis Herbert, former Leader of Cambridge City Council. On the 80th anniversary of the release from Japanese Army slavery of our Far East Prisoners of War (FEPOWs) in September 1945, this talk will pay tribute to them and their families, particularly over 800 locally who never made in home – over 4 in every 10.

This year marks 250 years since the birth of Jane Austen and to celebrate, King’s College Library and Archives are hosting an exhibition showcasing first and early editions of the author’s much-loved novels, alongside the autograph manuscript of her unfinished novel Sanditon and treasures highlighting the Austen family’s connection with the College. This one-day event is a rare opportunity to look inside the College’s beautiful early nineteenth-century library designed by the architect William Wilkins.

Back in May, The Sainsbury Laboratory here in Cambridge were part of a team winning a silver-gilt medal at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show. For Open Cambridge, enjoy a behind-the-scenes tour of the lab, see some of the award-winning display and have a go at some of the interactive activities the team took to Chelsea.

Try your hand at the world’s fastest growing sport, Padel, in a free 55-minute taster session at the Cambridge University Sports Centre. A fun, sociable mix of tennis and squash, each session is led by a qualified coach and great for beginners, so you’ll learn the rules, try out some shots, and experience what makes padel so popular.

Cambridge Samaritans will be joining Open Cambridge for the first time this year. For over 60 years, they have been there – day or night – for anyone struggling to cope or in distress, offering a safe space to talk without judgement or pressure. Join a special online event to find out more about the work the charity is doing on the helplines and in the local community and discover Samaritans’ unique approach to supporting those in emotional distress and our work in reducing the number of suicides.

Also, in the programme for the first time, are 2 tours of the Biomedical Campus. The first, delivered by Sociologists and residents David Skinner and Will Brown, considers the past, present, and future of the Campus from the perspective of the people who live around it. 

The second tour will explore landmark institutions like Addenbrooke’s and Royal Papworth Hospitals, the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and AstraZeneca’s global HQ as well as give visitors the opportunity to learn about the upcoming Cancer and Children’s Hospitals, world-first surgeries, and the collaborative spirit that drives breakthroughs from bench to bedside. 

Zoe Smith, Open Cambridge Manager, said: “Each year we’re blessed with such an incredible and unique programme of events. From garden and walking tours, to learning more about some of the amazing work our local community organisations undertake, this year’s programme is opening doors to the residents of Cambridge”. 

Jo McPhee, Civic Engagement Manager at the University of Cambridge, said: “Open Cambridge is a great way for our University and local communities to come together and celebrate our shared history and incredible stories behind our spaces, places and people. This year’s programme is full of exciting events that bring those stories to life, showcasing the the depth and diversity of our collective heritage.” 

You can view the full Open Cambridge programme on our website.

Open Cambridge is part of the national Heritage Open Days. It is designed to offer special access to places that are normally closed to the public or charge admission. The initiative provides an annual opportunity for people to discover the local history and heritage of their community. Open Cambridge is run by the Public Engagement team at the University of Cambridge, who also deliver the Cambridge Festival, which takes place each spring. 

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Bookings are now open for Open Cambridge 2025 (12-21 September). This September the public can enjoy tours of College gardens, exhibitions from hidden archives, tours of University sites not usually open to the public as well as open sites across the city, all free of charge.

With over 70 drop-in and bookable events, Open Cambridge encourages people to discover more about their local history and communities. Taking place over 10 days, here is a preview of some of the events taking place. 

Experience 2 iconic Cambridge sites this September by booking on to guided tours of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) and the University of Cambridge’s Senate House. At MRAO, discover more about mysterious dishes which are dotted over the Cambridgeshire countryside. You’ll get up close to the One-Mile Telescope, 5-km Ryle Telescope, and the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager as well as see inside some of the control rooms and learn about the unique history of the site and some of the important discoveries made here. In the tours of Senate House, led by the University’s Ceremonial Officer, find out what goes on in this Grade 1 listed building during graduations as well as some of the incredible history to which the building has played host.  

Learn about the experiences of over 2000 Cambridgeshire soldiers who were sent last minute by Churchill to the failed defence of Singapore in WWII in a special talk by Lewis Herbert, former Leader of Cambridge City Council. On the 80th anniversary of the release from Japanese Army slavery of our Far East Prisoners of War (FEPOWs) in September 1945, this talk will pay tribute to them and their families, particularly over 800 locally who never made in home – over 4 in every 10.

This year marks 250 years since the birth of Jane Austen and to celebrate, King’s College Library and Archives are hosting an exhibition showcasing first and early editions of the author’s much-loved novels, alongside the autograph manuscript of her unfinished novel Sanditon and treasures highlighting the Austen family’s connection with the College. This one-day event is a rare opportunity to look inside the College’s beautiful early nineteenth-century library designed by the architect William Wilkins.

Back in May, The Sainsbury Laboratory here in Cambridge were part of a team winning a silver-gilt medal at the RHS Chelsea Flower Show. For Open Cambridge, enjoy a behind-the-scenes tour of the lab, see some of the award-winning display and have a go at some of the interactive activities the team took to Chelsea.

Try your hand at the world’s fastest growing sport, Padel, in a free 55-minute taster session at the Cambridge University Sports Centre. A fun, sociable mix of tennis and squash, each session is led by a qualified coach and great for beginners, so you’ll learn the rules, try out some shots, and experience what makes padel so popular.

Cambridge Samaritans will be joining Open Cambridge for the first time this year. For over 60 years, they have been there – day or night – for anyone struggling to cope or in distress, offering a safe space to talk without judgement or pressure. Join a special online event to find out more about the work the charity is doing on the helplines and in the local community and discover Samaritans’ unique approach to supporting those in emotional distress and our work in reducing the number of suicides.

Also, in the programme for the first time, are 2 tours of the Biomedical Campus. The first, delivered by Sociologists and residents David Skinner and Will Brown, considers the past, present, and future of the Campus from the perspective of the people who live around it. 

The second tour will explore landmark institutions like Addenbrooke’s and Royal Papworth Hospitals, the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and AstraZeneca’s global HQ as well as give visitors the opportunity to learn about the upcoming Cancer and Children’s Hospitals, world-first surgeries, and the collaborative spirit that drives breakthroughs from bench to bedside. 

Zoe Smith, Open Cambridge Manager, said: “Each year we’re blessed with such an incredible and unique programme of events. From garden and walking tours, to learning more about some of the amazing work our local community organisations undertake, this year’s programme is opening doors to the residents of Cambridge”. 

Jo McPhee, Civic Engagement Manager at the University of Cambridge, said: “Open Cambridge is a great way for our University and local communities to come together and celebrate our shared history and incredible stories behind our spaces, places and people. This year’s programme is full of exciting events that bring those stories to life, showcasing the the depth and diversity of our collective heritage.” 

You can view the full Open Cambridge programme on our website.

Open Cambridge is part of the national Heritage Open Days. It is designed to offer special access to places that are normally closed to the public or charge admission. The initiative provides an annual opportunity for people to discover the local history and heritage of their community. Open Cambridge is run by the Public Engagement team at the University of Cambridge, who also deliver the Cambridge Festival, which takes place each spring. 

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has today announced the approval of a new treatment for a form of hereditary blindness for use on the NHS in England. Cambridge researchers played a pivotal role in providing the evidence that led to this important development.

This will bring hope to those who have experienced significant visual loss from this mitochondrial genetic disorderPatrick Yu-Wai-Man

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) affects around 2,500 people in the United Kingdom.  It causes rapidly progressive loss of vision in both eyes. Within weeks of onset, an affected individual reaches the legal threshold to be considered as severely sight impaired (blind).

The condition tends to affect young men, with a peak age of onset between the ages of 15 and 35 years old, but women can also be affected and the loss of vision can occur at any age.  The prognosis is poor, with only around one in 10 affected individuals experiencing some spontaneous visual improvement, which is invariably partial.

LHON is caused by the loss of retinal ganglion cells, specialised nerve cells in the innermost layer of the retina. The projections, or ‘axons’, from these cells converge to form the optic nerve, the cable that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. Once these retinal ganglion cells are lost, the damage becomes irreversible. LHON is primarily caused by genetic defects within the mitochondrial genome, which is transmitted down the maternal line. 

In 2011, the journal Brain published the results of a landmark randomised placebo-controlled trial of the drug idebenone to treat LHON. The RHODOS trial was led by Patrick Chinnery, at the time a researcher at Newcastle University and now Professor of Neurology at the University of Cambridge. It found some potential benefit in a subgroup of patients. However, treatment with idebenone was only given for six months, and it was not clear whether there was any benefit in treating individuals who had been affected for more than one year.

“At the time, we had only anecdotal evidence that idebenone would work for patients with LHON,” said Professor Chinnery. “Our clinical trial was the first strong evidence that it could help stabilise vision in some patients. It was an important step towards providing a new treatment.”

One of Professor Chinnery’s collaborators on the RHODOS trial was Patrick Yu-Wai-Man, Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Cambridge, who led the follow-up LEROS trial. This assessed the efficacy and safety of idebenone treatment in patients with LHON up to five years after symptom onset and over a treatment period of 24 months. This second trial found that the drug can help stabilise vision in some patients and, in certain cases, may even lead to improvement when treatment is provided within five years of vision being affected.

These studies provided crucial evidence to support the use of idebenone to treat LHON patients. The drug was licensed for limited use by patients in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and it has now been approved by NICE for use in patients aged 12 years and over in England.

Professor Yu-Wai-Man said: “LHON causes devastating visual loss and it is a life-changing diagnosis for the affected individual and their family. England is now in line with the rest of the United Kingdom with idebenone now available through the NHS. This will come as a great relief to the LHON community in this country bringing hope to those who have experienced significant visual loss from this mitochondrial genetic disorder.”

The development has been welcomed by charities that have been arguing for idebenone to be made available across the UK. A LHON Society spokesperson said: “This is a critical step towards full access to idebenone for patients, that may alleviate some of the impacts of LHON.”

Katie Waller, Head of Patient Programmes at The Lily Foundation, a charity that supports patients affected by mitochondrial diseases, said: “This is a huge win for the mito community and we’re proud to have been a key stakeholder throughout the process. While it isn’t a cure, this treatment offers real potential for patients to preserve or improve vision, giving the chance to regain independence, confidence and a better quality of life.”

Idebenone will not work for everyone, and responses vary from person to person. LHON patients are encouraged to speak with the healthcare professional responsible for their care to understand whether idebenone is the right treatment for them.

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

Nel mondo affascinante dei casinò con licenza, la gestione del bankroll assume un’importanza fondamentale. Con approcci ben strutturati e pianificati, i giocatori possono migliorare le loro possibilità di successo. Ma come si effettua una corretta analisi di rischio per evitare perdite ingenti? La risposta risiede nell’adozione di pratiche affidabili e testate nel tempo.

Le esperienze di successo di molti appassionati dimostrano che l’attenzione al gioco e una precisa strategia di scommesse possono fare la differenza. Adottare sistemi di scommesse consolidate non solo aumenta il divertimento, ma consente anche di massimizzare le vincite. Uno sguardo attento alla predizione dei giochi e alle loro dinamiche offre un vantaggio inestimabile.

Infine, è fondamentale non trascurare i consigli per giocatori esperti e principianti. L’acquisizione di informazioni pertinenti e aggiornate rappresenta il primo passo verso un’esperienza di gioco consapevole e gratificante. Abbracciare nuove strategie e monitorare le opportunità di vincita è essenziale per qualsiasi giocatore che desideri eccellere in questo campo emozionante.

Controllo del Bankroll e Gestione del Rischio

Il controllo del bankroll rappresenta un aspetto cruciale per ogni partecipante ai giochi da tavolo e alle slot. I sistemi di scommesse, sebbene allettanti, richiedono una gestione oculata. È fondamentale stabilire un limite finanziario per ogni sessione. Creare un piano chiaro consente di mantenere il divertimento senza rischiare di superare il proprio budget.

Le esperienze di successo di molti giocatori evidenziano l’importanza della disciplina nella gestione delle proprie risorse. Assicurarsi di non lasciare che le emozioni influenzino le decisioni è essenziale. La pubblicità responsabile spesso suggerisce di scommettere solo ciò che ci si può permettere di perdere, un principio chiave nella strategia di gioco.

Le opportunità di vincita non devono essere contaminate da una gestione inadeguata delle finanze. Ogni giocatore deve analizzare i rischi associati alle proprie scelte, esplorando vari casinò con licenza e le politiche di sicurezza che adottano. Questo permette di minimizzare i pericoli e massimizzare il divertimento.

Infine, l’attenzione al gioco è imperativa. Conoscere la propria soglia di rischio aiuta a mettere in atto strategie efficaci per la gestione del bankroll. Ogni partecipante deve fare affidamento su consigli per giocatori esperti, imparando dai propri errori e dalle esperienze altrui. Una corretta analisi di rischio non solo migliora il risultato del gioco, ma garantisce anche un’esperienza più gratificante e sana.

Tattiche per Giochi da Tavolo

Nella vasta gamma di giochi da tavolo nei i migliori casino non AAMS, le tattiche giocate possono offrire occasioni uniche per massimizzare le probabilità di guadagno. Una gestione del bankroll attenta è fondamentale, in quanto permette ai giocatori di prolungare il proprio tempo di gioco senza esporsi a perdite elevate.

Esplorare opportunità di vincita implica non solo avere fortuna, ma anche saper analizzare le situazioni di gioco. La predizione dei giochi gioca un ruolo chiave; raccogliere informazioni e osservare i trend può portare a decisioni più informate. Documentare esperienze di successo può essere utile per apprendere dalle scelte passate e applicarle nei futuri tentativi.

È cruciale mantenere una buona attenzione al gioco, evitando scommesse impulsive o emozionali. Inoltre, sviluppare una solida strategia di analisi di rischio aiuterà a capire quando è conveniente continuare o fermarsi. Seguire i consigli per giocatori esperti può portare a una maggiore consapevolezza e a pratiche di gioco responsabile.

Ricordate che, anche nei casino con licenza, ogni decisione deve essere ponderata e consapevole, per garantire un divertimento sostenibile. Adottare un approccio equilibrato e rispettoso verso il gioco è fondamentale.

Utilizzo di Bonus e Promozioni Strategiche

Il mondo dei casinò con licenza offre una vasta gamma di promozioni che possono rivelarsi vantaggiose per i giocatori. È fondamentale prestare attenzione al gioco e comprendere come questi vantaggi possano migliorare l’esperienza complessiva. Anziché focalizzarsi esclusivamente sull’entità del bonus, è importante valutare le condizioni associate e la reale applicabilità.

Una corretta gestione del bankroll è essenziale per sfruttare al meglio le offerte disponibili. La pianificazione delle proprie scommesse e l’allocazione sagace delle risorse possono condurre a esperienze di successo. In questo contesto, l’analisi di rischio di ciascun gioco può risultare utile per calibrare le strategie adottate. I bonus, se utilizzati con attenzione, riducono il rischio finanziario e aumentano le possibilità di divertimento.

È fondamentale seguire consigli per giocatori esperti che suggeriscono di utilizzare i bonus in modo strategico. Avere chiara la propria linea da seguire, evitando errori comuni, può significare la differenza tra un’esperienza fruttifera e una deludente. Sistemi di scommesse consolidati possono integrarsi bene con le promozioni, massimizzando possibili guadagni.

La pubblicità responsabile è un aspetto da considerare. Tutti i giocatori devono essere consapevoli dei rischi collegati al gioco d’azzardo. Essere disposti a informarsi e a discutere le esperienze di successo di altri può fornire spunti preziosi. Infine, la predizione dei giochi diventa un’abilità utile quando si cerca di affinare la propria tecnica e approccio alle scommesse, utilizzando a pieno le opportunità offerte dalle promozioni e bonus.

Analisi delle Slot Machine e Varianza

Le slot machine rappresentano una delle opzioni più popolari nei casinò con licenza, attirando milioni di giocatori. L’analisi di rischio è fondamentale per comprendere le diverse esperienze di successo che si possono vivere. Ogni macchinetta ha la propria varianza, che indica il rischio associato alle scommesse.

Una slot a alta varianza potrebbe offrire occasioni di vincita più significative, ma con meno frequenza, mentre una a bassa varianza tende a pagare premi più piccoli in modo costante. I giocatori devono prestare attenzione al gioco per riconoscere quale tipo di varianza si adatta meglio al proprio stile e alle proprie aspettative.

• È fondamentale riconoscere l’importanza della gestione del bankroll: saper allocare le risorse in modo responsabile.
• I sistemi di scommesse possono essere utili, ma è bene applicarli con cautela, tenendo presente la propria tolleranza al rischio.
• Consigli per giocatori includono la scelta di slot con RTP elevato e bonus favorevoli per massimizzare le possibilità di uscita positiva.

La predizione dei giochi non è un compito facile, dato che ogni spin è casuale. Tuttavia, analizzando le performance passate e le tendenze, i giocatori possono ottenere un’idea delle opportunità di vincita. In sintesi, conoscere la varianza delle slot machine e adottare strategie informate può migliorare notevolmente l’esperienza di gioco, aumentando il divertimento e l’eventualità di trionfi.

Domande e risposte:

Quali sono le strategie più efficaci per vincere nei casinò non AAMS?

Le strategie vincenti nei casinò non AAMS includono la gestione del bankroll, la scelta dei giochi con il miglior margine per il banco, e la conoscenza delle regole specifiche di ogni gioco. Con una buona pianificazione e un’analisi attenta delle probabilità, si può massimizzare l’esperienza di gioco e le possibilità di successo.

È legale giocare nei casinò non AAMS?

Giocare nei casinò non AAMS può essere legale a seconda della giurisdizione. In Italia, i casinò devono essere autorizzati per operare legalmente. È fondamentale informarsi sulla legislazione locale e sulla validità della licenza del casinò prima di iniziare a giocare.

Che tipo di giochi si possono trovare nei casinò non AAMS?

Nei casinò non AAMS si possono trovare una vasta gamma di giochi, come slot machine, poker, roulette e blackjack. Tuttavia, la disponibilità di giochi può variare, e alcuni casinò potrebbero offrire varianti uniche o esclusive che non si trovano nei casinò tradizionali AAMS.

Quali sono i rischi associati al gioco nei casinò non AAMS?

I casinò non AAMS possono presentare rischi maggiori, come la mancanza di regolamentazione e protezioni del giocatore. Ci potrebbero essere anche maggiori probabilità di truffe e pratiche poco trasparenti. È fondamentale eseguire ricerche approfondite e leggere recensioni prima di registrarsi su qualsiasi piattaforma non regolamentata.

Det finns en växande trend bland spelare som söker alternativ där man kan spela utan att behöva göra stora insättningar. Denna typ av plattformar erbjuder en flexibel registreringsprocess och möjlighet att snabbt komma igång. Genom att erbjuda olika metoder för att verka genom en strömlinjeformad registreringsprocess kan spelare enkelt börja utan ekonomiska hinder.

När det kommer till design och navigering är det avgörande att plattformarna är mobilanpassade för att möta moderna användares behov. En intuitiv och användarvänlig layout gör att spelarna kan fokusera på spelupplevelsen snarare än att kämpa med tekniska problem. Feedback från användare spelar en viktig roll i hur dessa plattformar utvecklas och förbättras över tid.

Kundsupportalternativ är en annan viktig aspekt; en bra tillgänglighet för hjälp kan göra skillnaden mellan nöjdhet och frustration. Spelare förväntar sig att alltid ha någon att vända sig till, oavsett vilket problem som dyker upp. Denna dimension av spelupplevelsen bidrar till att bygga tillit och lojalitet bland användarna.

Registrering och verifiering av konto hos internationella plattformar

Registrering är en avgörande del av upplevelsen för spelare. En smidig och intuitiv design och navigering kan göra processen betydligt mer behaglig. Här krävs det att leverantören följer bästa praxis för att säkerställa att varje steg är klart och begripligt.

Under registreringsprocessen är det viktigt att skapa tydliga anvisningar. Detta bidrar till en högre användarvänlighet, vilket i sin tur förbättrar den övergripande spelupplevelsen. I denna fas är det även avgörande att efterfråga relevant information utan att överbelasta spelarna.

Feedback från användare är ovärderlig. Genom att lyssna på deras erfarenheter kan plattformar identifiera tekniska problem och finjustera sin registreringsprocedur. Detta kan inkludera justeringar av formulärdesign eller hastighet i verifieringsstegen, vilket är avgörande för att hålla uppe intresset.

Med den ökande användningen av mobila enheter blir mobilanpassning en central fråga. Många användare förväntar sig att registreringen är lika enkel på sina telefoner som på datorer. Om detta inte är fallet kan det upplevas som frustrerande och leda till avhopp.

Att sträva efter att ge spelare tillgång till resurser som FAQ:s eller chatt-support under registreringen kan ytterligare öka delaktigheten och minska osäkerheten. Genom att erbjuda hjälp och stöd kan spelplattformar skapa ett mer välkomnande och tryggt klimat för nya användare.

Insättningsmetoder och deras påverkan på spelupplevelsen

Valet av insättningsmetod har en direkt påverkan på hur användare interagerar med spelsajter. Det är avgörande att analysera feedback från användare för att identifiera vilket alternativ som ger den mest tillfredsställande upplevelsen. Många spelare uppskattar alternativ som erbjuder snabba transaktioner och låg risk för tekniska problem.

Bridge mellan traditionella metoder och moderna lösningar, till exempel Trustly, klart har tagit marknaden med storm. Det säkerställer snabb tillgång till resurser, vilket ofta är en förutsättning för en smidig registreringsprocess. Safer och enklare alternativ ökar även användarvänligheten, då de minskar frustration kopplad till inloggningsprocedurer och insättningar.

Design och navigering är också avgörande faktorer när det gäller att välja insättningsmetoder. En tydlig och lättförståelig layout kan göra stor skillnad i hur spelare upplever sajten. Genom att erbjuda flera alternativ och en informativ sektion om betalningsmetoder kan spelarna känna sig mer trygga i sina val.

Kundsupportalternativ spelar en viktig roll när det kommer till insättningar. Ett snabb svar från supportteamet kan avgöra om en användare fortsätter eller avbryter sitt deltagande. En robust support kan i sin tur förbättra den övergripande spelupplevelsen.

För dem som söker alternativ utan svensk licens erbjuder nytt casino utan spelpaus möjligheten att uppleva spel på nya sätt. Genom att förstå hur insättningsmetoder påverkar spelupplevelsen kan användare ta informerade beslut som gynnar deras preferenser och behov.

Spelutbud och användarvänlighet på plattformar med låg insättning

Plattformar som erbjuder lån insättningar har blivit alltmer populära. I detta sammanhang är det avgörande att förstå både spelutbudet och användarvänligheten. Denna analys fokuserar på flera kritiska aspekter of registreringsprocess, tillgång till resurser och spelupplevelse.

Först och främst spelar registreringsprocessen en farlig roll i hur användare uppfattar en plattform. En smidig och snabb registrering kan öka chansen att locka nya spelare. Användarna bör kunna skapa sina konton utan hinder, vilket i sin tur kan påverka deras fortsatta aktivitet.

• Tillgång till resurser: Det är viktigt att plattformen ger användarna enkel tillgång till spelinformation och hjälpmedel.
• Användarvänlighet: En intuitiv design och navigering gör att spelarna kan fokusera mer på spelen än på att hitta rätt information.
• Kundsupportalternativ: En mångfald av kundsupportalternativ är avgörande. Användare bör kunna få hjälp via chatt, e-post eller telefon för att lösa eventuella tekniska problem.
• Feedback från användare: Att med jämna mellanrum samla in synpunkter från spelarna kan bli en viktig infrastruktur för att förbättra plattformen.

Inte nog med att spelutbudet måste vara varierat och spännande; det ska också leverera kvalitet och innovation. Många användare letar efter spel som är både underhållande och utmanande. Att veta att man spelar på en pålitlig plattform bidrar till en optimalt spelupplevelse.

För att sammanfatta, en välbalanserad plattform är beroende av flera komponenter som registreringsprocess, spelutbud, användarvänlighet och support. Genom att prioritera dessa aspekter kan plattformarna skapa en trygg och nöjd användarbas.

Mobila upplevelser och designaspekter vid internationella plattformar

Det är av stor vikt att användare får möjlighet att ge feedback från användare när de interagerar med sådana plattformar. Denna återkoppling kan leda till kontinuerliga förbättringar av registreringsprocessen, vilket gör det enklare för nya spelare att komma igång.

En smidig spelupplevelse är avgörande, eftersom användarna förväntar sig att enkelt kunna navigera mellan olika spel och funktioner. Här spelar design och navigering en central roll, där en tydlig layout och intuitiva kontroller kan göra stor skillnad.

Även kundsupportalternativ är viktiga. Att spelare snabbt får hjälp vid frågor eller problem, exempelvis kopplade till tekniska problem, bidrar till en bättre helhetsupplevelse. Tillgång till resurser, som FAQ eller chattfunktioner, ökar användarens förtroende för plattformen.

Mobilanpassning är ett annat centralt element. En responsiv design säkerställer att spelare kan njuta av sina favoritaktiviteter oavsett enhet, vilket i sin tur ökar tillgången till resurser som erbjuds.

Frågor och svar:

Vad är fördelarna med att använda utländska casinon med låga insättningar?

Utländska casinon med låga insättningar erbjuder flera fördelar. För det första, de ger spelare möjlighet att testa plattformar utan att behöva investera stora summor. Dessutom erbjuder många av dessa casinon attraktiva välkomstbonusar och kampanjer, vilket kan förbättra spelupplevelsen. Slutligen, de har ibland ett bredare spelutbud och kan även tillhandahålla olika betalningsmetoder som är anpassade för internationella spelare.

Hur påverkar gränssnittet på ett casino användarupplevelsen?

Ett väl utformat gränssnitt är avgörande för spelupplevelsen. Ett intuitivt och användarvänligt gränssnitt gör det lättare för spelare att hitta spel, navigera i menyval och förstå regler och villkor. Om gränssnittet är rörigt eller svårt att förstå kan det leda till frustration, vilket i sin tur kan påverka hur länge spelarna stannar på sidan och om de återkommer.

Vilka betalningsmetoder är vanliga på utländska casinon med låga insättningar?

Utländska casinon med låga insättningar brukar erbjuda ett varierat utbud av betalningsmetoder. Vanliga alternativ inkluderar kredit- och betalkort som Visa och Mastercard, e-plånböcker såsom Skrill och Neteller, samt ibland kryptovalutor som Bitcoin. Genom att erbjuda olika betalningsmetoder kan casinon tillgodose olika kundbehov och preferenser, vilket gör det enklare för spelare att sätta in och ta ut pengar.

Hur säkra är utländska casinon med låga insättningar?

Även om många utländska casinon är säkra, är det viktigt att undersöka varje plattform noggrant innan du registrerar dig. Kolla efter licenser och regleringar från pålitliga myndigheter, eftersom detta ofta är ett tecken på att casinot följer strikta säkerhetsstandarder. Det är också bra att läsa recensioner och erfarenheter från andra spelare för att få en uppfattning om casinots pålitlighet.

Vad bör man tänka på när man väljer ett utländskt casino med låg insättning?

När du väljer ett utländskt casino med låg insättning är det viktigt att överväga flera faktorer. Förutom insättningskrav och tillgängliga spel, bör du också titta på casinots licensstatus, kundsupport och betalningsalternativ. Dessutom kan det vara bra att kolla in bonusar och kampanjer, samt hur användarvänligt gränssnittet är. Att göra en grundlig research ger en bättre chance att finna en plattform som passar ens behov.

Vad är fördelarna med utländska casinon med lågt insatser?

Utländska casinon med låga insättningar erbjuder flera fördelar för spelare. För det första, de ger möjlighet att spela med mindre pengar, vilket är attraktivt för nybörjare eller de som vill ha en mer avslappnad spelupplevelse. Dessutom kan dessa casinon ofta erbjuda ett brett utbud av spel och bonusar, vilket gör det lättare att prova nya spel. Många utländska plattformar har även smidiga gränssnitt och bra kundsupport, vilket bidrar till en positiv användarupplevelse.

När det kommer till att välja rätt spelplattform är det avgörande att förstå de olika skillnader som finns mellan olika alternativ. I den här artikeln kommer vi att utforska viktiga aspekter som spelarskydd, kundservice, och uttagsmetoder. För många spelare är trygghet och hjälp alltid av hög prioritet, vilket gör att dessa faktorer spelar en central roll i deras val.

Det är också värt att notera att flera kända varumärken erbjuder attraktiva bonusar och fördelar för nya användare. Dessa incitament kan vara en viktig del i att välja den rätta plattformen. Men utöver fördelarna finns det också nackdelar som spelare bör ta hänsyn till. Laglighet och säkerhet kring spelandet är faktorer som inte kan negligeras, särskilt i en tid där online spelande blir allt vanligare.

Regler och licenser: Vad skiljer MGA från svenska aktörer?

När det handlar om spelmarknaden är laglighet en av de mest centrala frågorna. Det finns tydliga skillnader mellan olika licenser, och dessa kan påverka säkerheten för spelare. Reglerna som styr vilka aktörer som kan verka är avgörande för spelarskyddet, vilket innebär att konsumenterna får en tryggare och mer ansvarsfull spelupplevelse.

Fördelar med licenser inkluderar strikt övervakning av uttagsmetoder och en transparent hantering av transaktioner. Kända varumärken som stoltserar med en solid licens kan ofta erbjuda bättre bonusar och kampanjer, vilket lockar många spelare. Många av dessa aktörer har även en hel del erfarenhet när det kommer till kundservice, vilket är en viktig aspekt av spelande på nätet.

Det är också värt att notera nackdelarna som kan uppstå. Medan vissa licenser möjliggör stor flexibilitet i erbjudanden och bonusar, kan andra vara mer begränsade, vilket kan påverka spelarnas valmöjligheter. Skillnaderna i laglighet kan också påverka hur snabbt och enkelt uttag genomförs, vilket är en central fråga för många spelare.

Avslutningsvis är valet av licens och regler som styr verksamheten avgörande inte bara för aktörerna, utan även för spelarna. När man gör en jämförelse är det viktigt att förstå hur dessa faktorer kan påverka ens upplevelse, oavsett om man väljer att satsa eller inte.

Spelutbud: Hur står sig MGA-licenserade plattformar i jämförelse med svenska spelhus?

Det finns många aspekter att beakta när man jämför spelutbudet från MGA-licenserade plattformar och svenska spelhus. En av de största fördelarna är ofta variationen av spel, där flera kända varumärken erbjuder fantastiska titlar i olika kategorier, vilket skapar en varierad och tilltalande upplevelse för spelare.

Uttagsmetoder är också en viktig fråga. Många gamers föredrar snabba och enkla uttagsalternativ, vilket är en styrka för de MGA-licensierade plattformarna. Dessa sajter erbjuder vanligtvis ett bredare utbud av betalningsmetoder, vilket ger större flexibilitet och bekvämlighet. Skillnader finns även när det kommer till bonusar; MGA-licenserade sajter kan ha mer gynnsamma kampanjer för nya spelare som söker värde.

En annan fråga är laglighet och spelarskydd. Svenska alternativ följer strikta regler för att skydda spelarna, medan vissa MGA-licensierade plattformar också ger starka åtaganden för ansvarigt spelande. Det är viktigt för spelare att känna sig trygga och skyddade när de spelar online.

Kundservice är en annan aspekt där svenskarna kan ha en fördel, med lokal personal som förstår marknaden och är tillgänglig för att hjälpa till på svenska. Men även MGA-licensierade plattformar strävar efter att erbjuda kvalitativ kundsupport för att behålla sin kundkrets.

Överlag erbjuder både MGA-licenserade och svenska spelhus en mängd alternativ till spelarna, med skillnader i både användarvänlighet och spelarskydd. För mer information om MGA-licenserade plattformar, kan du läsa mer på casino utan svensk licens Malta.

Bonusar och kampanjer: Vilka fördelar erbjuder reglerade plattformar?

Reglerade plattformar erbjuder flera fördelar i form av bonusar och kampanjer som kan ge spelare ett extra värde. Genom lockande erbjudanden kan användare odla sina spelvanor och utforska ett brett utbud av spel, vilket skapar en unik spelupplevelse. Skillnader mellan olika plattformar kan vara avgörande när det gäller hur mycket bonusar verkligen är värda.

En viktig aspekt är spelarskyddet; reglerade plattformar strävar efter att skydda sina användare och främja ansvarsfullt spelande. Den laglighet som kommer med dessa verksamheter garanterar att spelare kan lita på att deras uppgifter hanteras korrekt och att insättningar skyddas. Dessa kännetecken bidrar till trygghet för spelarna, vilket i sin tur kan öka intresset för specifika märken.

Kända varumärken på marknaden erbjuder ofta generösa bonusstrukturer, vilket gör dem mer attraktiva för spelare. Bonusar kan variera från insättningsbonusar till gratissnurr, vilket ger spelare möjlighet att prova olika spel utan att sätta sin egen kapital i risk.

Uttagsmetoder är en annan viktig faktor som många spelare beaktar innan de registrerar sig. Snabba och smidiga uttag gör att spelare enkelt kan få tillgång till sina vinster, något som ytterligare stärker förtroendet för en plattform. I många fall erbjuder plattformar även en effektiv kundservice som är tillgänglig dygnet runt för att besvara frågor och hjälpa till vid problem.

Sammanfattningsvis erbjuder reglerade plattformar betydande fördelar genom sina bonusar och kampanjer. Genom att förstå dessa aspekter kan spelare välja den plattform som bäst passar deras behov och önskemål.

Betalningsmetoder: Vilka alternativ är bäst för svenska spelare?

När det kommer till att välja betalningsmetoder för spelare, är det viktigt att överväga de fördelar och nackdelar som varje alternativ erbjuder. Det finns flera kända varumärken som tillhandahåller olika tjänster, vilket gör valet både spannande och utmanande.

• Uttagsmetoder: Vissa metoder möjliggör snabba uttag, vilket är en stor fördel för dem som vill ha sina vinster direkt. Det är viktigt att kontrollera variabiliteten i överföringstider för att hitta det bästa alternativet.
• Kundservice: Tillgången på professionell support är avgörande. Bästa betalningstjänster erbjuder ofta 24/7 kundsupport för att hjälpa sina användare i alla situationer.
• Spelarskydd: Många metoder har robusta säkerhetsfunktioner som skyddar spelarnas uppgifter. Viktigt att välja en tjänst som prioriterar spelarskydd.
• Bonusar: En del alternativ kan ge fördelaktiga bonusar eller rabatter vid användning, vilket kan förbättra spelupplevelsen.

Det är också värt att notera lagligheten kring dessa metoder. I Sverige är reglerna strikta, och det finns skillnader mellan de betalningsmetoder som godkänns och används av olika plattformar. Vissa varumärken är mer pålitliga än andra baserat på deras erfarenhet och rykte i branschen.

Sammanfattningsvis är det avgörande för spelare att göra en noggrant övervägning av sina betalningsalternativ. Genom att väga fördelar mot nackdelar, med fokus på kundservice, säkerhet och bonusar, kan man fatta informerade beslut som förbättrar den övergripande spelupplevelsen.

Frågor och svar:

Vad är skillnaden mellan MGA casinon och svenska alternativ?

MGA casinon, licensierade av Malta Gaming Authority, erbjuder en annan typ av spelupplevelse jämfört med svenska casinon. Den största skillnaden är regleringen och spelarskyddet. Svenska casinon har strikta regler och licenseras av Spelinspektionen, vilket ger spelare en högre nivå av trygghet och skydd, medan MGA casinon har mer flexibla regler som kan påverka spelarnas rättigheter.

Vilka fördelar finns det med att spela på MGA casinon?

En fördel med MGA casinon är deras stora utbud av spel och aktörer. Många av dessa casinon erbjuder attraktiva bonusar och kampanjer, vilket kan locka spelare. Dessutom har MGA casinon en internationell närvaro, vilket innebär att spelare kan njuta av olika speltyper och mjukvaruleverantörer som kan vara mindre vanliga på svenska casinon.

Hur fungerar skattefrågan för spelvinster på MGA casinon jämfört med svenska casinon?

Spelvinster på MGA casinon är generellt skattepliktiga i Sverige, medan vinster på svenska casinon är skattefria. Detta beror på att svenska casinon har svensk licens. För spelare som vinner på MGA casinon kan det därför vara viktigt att hålla reda på sina vinster och rapportera dem korrekt i sin deklaration för att undvika eventuella problem med Skatteverket.

Är det trygt att spela på MGA casinon eller finns det risker?

Att spela på MGA casinon kan innebära vissa risker. Även om dessa casinon är licensierade och reglerade, erbjuder de inte samma nivå av skydd som casinon med svensk licens. Spelare bör vara medvetna om att det kan vara svårt att få hjälp vid spelproblem eller oegentligheter. Det är alltid bra att göra grundlig research och läsa recensioner innan man väljer att spela på ett MGA casino.

Vilka typer av spel erbjuds oftast på MGA casinon?

MGA casinon erbjuder en bred variation av spel, inklusive slots, bordsspel, live casinon och sportbetting. Många MGA casinon samarbetar med olika spelutvecklare, vilket innebär att spelarna kan hitta både klassiska och innovativa spelalternativ. Det är bra att utforska olika casinon för att se deras specifika utbud, eftersom detta kan variera mellan olika plattformar.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Astronomers have detected a giant exoplanet – between three and ten times the size of Jupiter – hiding in the swirling disc of gas and dust surrounding a young star.

Earlier observations of this star, called MP Mus, suggested that it was all alone without any planets in orbit around it, surrounded by a featureless cloud of gas and dust.

However, a second look at MP Mus, using a combination of results from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and the European Space Agency’s Gaia mission, suggests that the star is not alone after all.

The international team of astronomers, led by the University of Cambridge, detected a large gas giant in the star’s protoplanetary disc: the pancake-like cloud of gases, dust and ice where the process of planet formation begins. This is the first time that Gaia has detected an exoplanet within a protoplanetary disc. The results, reported in the journal Nature Astronomy, suggest that similar methods could be useful in the hunt for young planets around other stars.

By studying how planets form in the protoplanetary discs around young stars, researchers can learn more about how our own Solar System evolved. Through a process known as core accretion, gravity causes particles in the disc to stick to each other, eventually forming larger solid bodies like asteroids or planets. As young planets form, they start to carve gaps in the disc, like grooves on a vinyl record.

However, observing these young planets is extremely challenging, due to the interference from the gas and dust in the disc. To date, only three robust detections of young planets in a protoplanetary disc have been made.

Dr Álvaro Ribas from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, who led the research, specialises in studying protoplanetary discs. “We first observed this star at the time when we learned that most discs have rings and gaps, and I was hoping to find features around MP Mus that could hint at the presence of a planet or planets,” he said.

Using ALMA, Ribas observed the protoplanetary disc around MP Mus (PDS 66) in 2023. The results showed a young star seemingly all alone in the universe. Its surrounding disc showed none of the gaps where planets might be forming, and was completely flat and featureless.

“Our earlier observations showed a boring, flat disc,” said Ribas. “But this seemed odd to us, since the disc is between seven and ten million years old. In a disc of that age, we would expect to see some evidence of planet formation.”

Now, Ribas and his colleagues from Germany, Chile, and France have given MP Mus another chance. Once again using ALMA, they observed the star at the 3mm range, a longer wavelength than the earlier observations, allowing them to probe deeper into the disc.

The new observations turned up a cavity close to the star and two gaps further out, which were obscured in the earlier observations, suggesting that MP Mus may not be alone after all.

At the same time, Miguel Vioque, a researcher at the European Southern Observatory, was uncovering another piece of the puzzle. Using data from Gaia, he found MP Mus was ‘wobbling’.

“My first reaction was that I must have made a mistake in my calculations, because MP Mus was known to have a featureless disc,” said Vioque. “I was revising my calculations when I saw Álvaro give a talk presenting preliminary results of a newly-discovered inner cavity in the disc, which meant the wobbling I was detecting was real and had a good chance of being caused by a forming planet.”

Using a combination of the Gaia and ALMA observations, along with some computer modelling, the researchers say the wobbling is likely caused by a gas giant – less than ten times the mass of Jupiter – orbiting the star at a distance between one and three times the distance of the Earth to the Sun.

“Our modelling work showed that if you put a giant planet inside the new-found cavity, you can also explain the Gaia signal,” said Ribas. “And using the longer ALMA wavelengths allowed us to see structures we couldn’t see before.”

This is the first time an exoplanet embedded in a protoplanetary disc has been indirectly discovered in this way – by combining precise star movement data from the Gaia with deep observations of the disc. It also means that many more hidden planets might exist in other discs, just waiting to be found.

“We think this might be one of the reasons why it’s hard to detect young planets in protoplanetary discs, because in this case, we needed the ALMA and Gaia data together,” said Ribas. “The longer ALMA wavelength is incredibly useful, but to observe at this wavelength requires more time on the telescope.”

Ribas says that upcoming upgrades to ALMA, as well as future telescopes such as the next generation Very Large Array (ngVLA), may be used to look deeper into more discs and better understand the hidden population of young planets, which could in turn help us learn how our own planet may have formed.

The research was supported in part by the European Union’s Horizon Programme, the European Research Council, and the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI).

Reference:
Álvaro Ribas et al. ‘A young gas giant and hidden substructures in a protoplanetary disc.’ Nature Astronomy (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02576-w 

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The University of Cambridge has been awarded two Prosperity Partnerships by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). The awards are designed to support partnerships between universities and business which are focused on fundamental research addressing key industry challenges.

Using carbon capture to create a cleaner chemical supply chain

A collaboration on carbon capture between Cambridge and Hitachi Europe Ltd has been awarded Prosperity Partnership funding to develop a new way of converting green methanol – made from captured CO₂ – into high-value chemicals used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and materials manufacturing.

While many technologies focus on capturing and storing surplus CO₂, the researchers, led by Professor Ljiljana Fruk, aim to turn it into something genuinely useful.

The approach uses compact, continuous‑flow reactors – systems that enable chemical reactions to run more efficiently – with lower energy demand, less waste, and better control at scale. The catalysts themselves are being designed to work under mild, sustainable conditions, helping reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

Professor Fruk said: “It’s exciting to be part of something that is working towards a future where science helps build a cleaner, healthier world.”

Read the full story here

Low-emission steel-making

With Prosperity Partnership funding from UKRI and Tata Steel, Cambridge University, Imperial College and the Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG) at the University of Warwick will work in partnership to drive innovation in low-emission steel production.

As the UK steel industry transitions towards electric arc furnace (EAF) technology, the programme will address one of the key challenges of using high-recycled-content steel: how to ensure its performance in demanding applications such as some automotive components and packaging.

The five-year programme will also fund 13 PhD studentships across the three universities to conduct leading research into the advanced manufacturing of steels and steel products suited to EAF steelmaking.

Professor Howard Stone, lead academic for the project, said: “This partnership will enable us to unlock the full potential of electric arc furnace steelmaking, combining advanced data science with metallurgical expertise. By working closely with Tata Steel, we aim to deliver practical solutions that support a more sustainable future for the UK steel industry and beyond.”

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Three Cambridge academics have been appointed to the UK Department for Energy Security and Net Zero’s new Science and Technology Advisory Council (STAC), which met for the first time on Wednesday 9 July 2025. 

Evidence-based decision-making is fundamental to the drive for clean powerUK Energy Secretary David Miliband

Engineering Professor Julian Allwood (St Catharine’s), Cambridge Zero Director Professor Emily Shuckburgh (Darwin) and Cambridge Energy Policy Research Group Director Emeritus Professor David Newbery (Churchill) join a panel of 17 expert advisors on STAC, which has been created to provide robust, scientific, evidence-based information to support key decisions as the UK overhauls its energy system to reach clean power by 2030.

The Council is expected to also offer independent viewpoints and cutting-edge research on topics from climate science, energy networks and engineering, to the latest technologies and artificial intelligence.

“Evidence-based decision-making is fundamental to the drive for clean power and tackling the climate crisis, with informed policymaking the key to securing a better, fairer world for current and future generations,” UK Energy Secretary Ed Miliband said in the Government’s announcement.

Professor Allwood is Professor of Engineering and the Environment at the University of Cambridge and directs the Use Less Group. Uniquely, his research aims to articulate a pathway to zero emissions based on technologies that already exist at scale. His projects include ground-breaking innovations such as electric cement.

Professor Shuckburgh is Director of Cambridge Zero, the University’s major climate change initiative. A mathematician and data scientist, Emily Shuckburgh is also Professor of Environmental Data Science at the Department of Computer Science and Technology, Academic Director of the Institute of Computing for Climate Science, and co-Director of the Centre for Landscape Regeneration and the UKRI Centre for Doctoral Training on the Application of AI to the study of Environmental Risks (AI4ER). 

As a climate scientist, Professor Shuckburgh worked for more than a decade at the British Antarctic Survey where her work included leading a UK national research programme on the Southern Ocean and its role in climate.

Professor Newbery is the Director of the Cambridge Energy Policy Research Group, an Emeritus Professor of Economics at the Faculty of Economics and a Professorial Research Associate in the UCL Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources at University College London.

STAC’s expert advice is expected to allow ministers to access the most up-to-date and well-informed scientific evidence, improving decision-making and effectiveness of policy implementation. 

STAC is led by Professor Paul Monks, STAC Co-Chair and Chief Scientific Adviser and Director General, Department for Energy Security and Net Zero (DESNZ); and Professor David Greenwood FREng, STAC Co-Chair and CEO of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMG) High Value Manufacturing Catapult Centre.

Read the UK Government announcement

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

With countries such as the UK declaring ambitious goals for both AI leadership and decarbonisation, a new report suggests that AI could drive a 25-fold increase in the global tech sector’s energy use.

By 2040, the energy demands of the tech industry could be up to 25 times higher than today, with unchecked growth of data centres driven by AI expected to create surges in electricity consumption that will strain power grids and accelerate carbon emissions.  

This is according to a new report from the University of Cambridge’s Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy, which suggests that even the most conservative estimate for big tech’s energy needs will see a five-fold increase over the next 15 years.

The idea that governments such as the UK can become leaders in AI while simultaneously meeting their net zero targets amounts to “magical thinking at the highest levels,” according to the report’s authors. The UK is committed to net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

Researchers call for global standards in reporting AI’s environmental cost through forums such as COP, the UN climate summit, and argue that the UK should advocate for this on the international stage while ensuring democratic oversight at home.

The report, published today, synthesises projections from leading consultancies to forecast the energy demands of the global tech industry. The researchers note that these projections are based on claims by tech firms themselves. 

At the moment, data centres – the facilities that house servers for processing and storing data, along with cooling systems preventing this hardware from overheating – account for nearly 1.5% of global emissions.

This figure is expected to grow by 15-30% each year to reach 8% of total global greenhouse gas emissions by 2040, write the report’s authors. They point out that this would far exceed current emissions from air travel. 

The report highlights that in the US, China, and Europe, data centres already consume around 2-4% of national electricity, with regional concentrations becoming extreme. For example, up to 20% of all power in Ireland now goes to data centres in Dublin’s cluster.

“We know the environmental impact of AI will be formidable, but tech giants are deliberately vague about the energy requirements implicit in their aims,” said Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan, the report’s lead author from Cambridge’s Minderoo Centre.

“The lack of hard data on electricity and water consumption as well as associated carbon emissions of digital technology leaves policymakers and researchers in the dark about the climate harms AI might cause.”

“We need to see urgent action from governments to prevent AI from derailing climate goals, not just deferring to tech companies on the promise of economic growth,” said Desikan.

The researchers also use data from corporate press releases and ESG reports of some of the world’s tech giants to show the alarming trajectory of energy use before the AI race had fully kicked into gear.

Google’s reported greenhouse gas emissions rose by 48% between 2019 and 2023, while Microsoft’s reported emissions increased by nearly 30% from 2020 to 2023. Amazon’s carbon footprint grew around 40% between 2019 and 2021, and – while it has begun to fall – remains well above 2019 levels.

This self-reported data is contested, note the researchers, and some independent reporting suggests that actual emissions from tech companies are much higher.

Several tech giants are looking to nuclear power to defuse the energy timebomb at the heart of their ambitions. Sam Altman, CEO of OpenAI, has argued that fusion is needed to meet AI’s potential, while Meta have said that nuclear energy can ‘provide firm, baseload power’ to supply their data centres.

Microsoft have even signed a 20-year agreement to reactivate the Three Mile Island plant – site of the worst nuclear accident in US history.

Some tech leaders, such as former Google CEO Eric Schmidt, argue that environmental costs of AI will be offset by its benefits for the climate crisis – from contributing to scientific breakthroughs in green energy to enhanced climate change modelling.

“Despite the rapacious energy demands of AI, tech companies encourage governments to see these technologies as accelerators for the green transition,” said Professor Gina Neff, Executive Director of the Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy.

“These claims appeal to governments banking on AI to grow the economy, but they may compromise society’s climate commitments.”

“Big Tech is blowing past their own climate goals, while they rely heavily on renewable energy certificates and carbon offsets rather than reducing their emissions,” said Prof Neff.

“Generative AI may be helpful for designing climate solutions, but there is a real risk that emissions from the AI build-out will outstrip any climate gains as tech companies abandon net zero goals and pursue huge AI-driven profits.”

The report calls for the UK’s environmental policies to be updated for the ‘AI era’. Recommendations include adding AI’s energy footprint into national decarbonisation plans, with specific carbon reduction targets for data centres and AI services, and requirements for detailed reporting of energy and water consumption.  

Ofgem should set strict energy efficiency targets for data centres, write the report’s authors, while the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology should tie AI research funding and data centre operations to clean power adoption.

The report’s authors note that that UK’s new AI Energy Council currently consists entirely of energy bodies and tech companies – with no representation for communities, climate groups or civil society.  

“Energy grids are already stretched,” said Professor John Naughton, Chair of the Advisory Board at the Minderoo Centre for Technology and Democracy.

“Every megawatt allocated to AI data centres will be a megawatt unavailable for housing or manufacturing. Governments need to be straight with the public about the inevitable energy trade-offs that will come with doubling down on AI as an engine of economic growth.”

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Researchers have mapped the spread of infectious diseases in humans across millennia, to reveal how human-animal interactions permanently transformed our health today.

We’ve long suspected that the transition to farming and animal husbandry opened the door to a new era of disease – now DNA shows us that it happened at least 6,500 years agoEske Willerslev

A new study suggests that our ancestors’ close cohabitation with domesticated animals and large-scale migrations played a key role in the spread of infectious diseases.

The team, led by Professor Eske Willerslev at the Universities of Cambridge and Copenhagen, recovered ancient DNA from 214 known human pathogens in prehistoric humans from Eurasia.

They found that the earliest evidence of zoonotic diseases – illnesses transmitted from animals to humans, like COVID in recent times – dates back to around 6,500 years ago, with these diseases becoming more widespread approximately 5,000 years ago.

The study detected the world’s oldest genetic trace of the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, in a 5,500-year-old sample. The plague is estimated to have killed between one-quarter and one-half of Europe’s population during the Middle Ages.

In addition, the researchers found traces of many other diseases including:

Malaria (Plasmodium vivax) – 4,200 years ago

Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae) – 1,400 years ago

Hepatitis B virus – 9,800 years ago

Diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) – 11,100 years ago

This is the largest study to date on the history of infectious diseases and is published today in the journal Nature.

The researchers analysed DNA from over 1,300 prehistoric humans, some up to 37,000 years old. The ancient bones and teeth have provided a unique insight into the development of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

“We’ve long suspected that the transition to farming and animal husbandry opened the door to a new era of disease – now DNA shows us that it happened at least 6,500 years ago,” said Willerslev.

He added: “These infections didn’t just cause illness – they may have contributed to population collapse, migration, and genetic adaptation.”

The significant increase in the incidence of zoonoses around 5,000 years ago coincides with a migration to north-western Europe from the Pontic Steppe – that is from parts of present-day Ukraine, south-western Russia and western Kazakhstan. The people embarking on this migration – and who to a large extent passed on the genetic profile found among people in north-western Europe today – belonged to the Yamnaya herders.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=kUQkjHXvykA%3Fsi%3DPjCqcDTXpi-RfJ7R%26enablejsapi%3D1%26origin%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fwww.cam.ac.uk

The findings could be significant for the development of vaccines and for understanding how diseases arise and mutate over time.

“If we understand what happened in the past, it can help us prepare for the future. Many of the newly emerging infectious diseases are predicted to originate from animals,” said Associate Professor Martin Sikora at the University of Copenhagen, and first author of the report.

Willerslev added: “Mutations that were successful in the past are likely to reappear. This knowledge is important for future vaccines, as it allows us to test whether current vaccines provide sufficient coverage or whether new ones need to be developed due to mutations.”

The sample material was primarily provided by museums in Europe and Asia. The samples were partly extracted from teeth, where the enamel acts as a lid that can protect the DNA against degradation as a result of the ravages of time. The rest of the DNA was primarily extracted from petrosa bones – the hardest bone in humans – located on the inside of the skull.

The research was funded by the Lundbeck Foundation.

Reference

Sikora, M et al: ‘The spatiotemporal distribution of human pathogens in ancient Eurasia.’ Nature, July 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09192-8

Adapted from a press release by the University of Copenhagen.

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The Saclay Cluster, which includes Institut Polytechnique de Paris, HEC Paris and Université Paris-Saclay, the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are joining forces to build AI excellence.

Combining our strengths and sharing knowledge will help us to address the most pressing challenges of our time and ensure AI serves the common goodProfessor Deborah Prentice

During the French President’s state visit to the United Kingdom, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), HEC Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Oxford University and Cambridge University formalised a joint commitment to create a strategic partnership in the field of artificial intelligence.

Named the Entente CordIAle Paris-Saclay – Oxford-Cambridge AI Initiative, this partnership brings together two leading centres of scientific and technological excellence: the Saclay Cluster and the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. They share a common ambition – to foster the emergence of excellent, ethical and sovereign artificial intelligence on a European scale.

The aim of the partnership is to structure long-term cooperation in AI research, training and innovation, in order to meet the major challenges of our time. It is organised around five key areas:

• Encouraging academic mobility between students, doctoral students, researchers and teachers to enhance expertise and training.
• Organising joint scientific events (seminars, workshops, symposia) on the major scientific and ethical challenges of AI.
• Launching collaborative research projects: co-direction of theses, interdisciplinary programmes, joint applications for funding.
• Involving industrial and innovation players, to accelerate technology transfer and support AI entrepreneurship.
• Strengthen bilateral cooperation, in line with national and European strategic priorities.

The ‘Entente CordIAle Paris-Saclay – Oxford-Cambridge AI Initiative’ extends the shared vision of Institut Polytechnique de Paris and HEC Paris to establish a leading European hub in artificial intelligence, at the intersection of cutting-edge research, innovation, and the major challenges of our time.

A firmly solution-oriented ambition realised through Hi! PARIS, a key actor in the France 2030 strategy, integrating cutting-edge research, excellence in education, and concrete technological innovations to enhance European competitiveness, this interdisciplinary centre was co-founded by IP Paris and HEC Paris in 2020, joined by Inria in 2021, and benefits from €70 million in funding over 5 years.

In a joint statement, Thierry Coulhon, President of Institut Polytechnique de Paris and Eloïc Peyrache, Dean of HEC Paris, said:

“With the Entente CordIAle Paris-Saclay – Oxford-Cambridge AI Initiative, we are taking a decisive step forward in European scientific and academic cooperation. By bringing together the excellence of our institutions, through the interdisciplinary centre Hi! PARIS, with that of Oxford and Cambridge, we are laying the foundation for an unparalleled axis of research and innovation in artificial intelligence.”

Professor Deborah Prentice, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, agreed:

“The University of Cambridge is proud to be part of this collaboration, which reflects our deep commitment to shaping the future of AI through rigorous research, inclusive education, and responsible innovation. Combining our strengths and sharing knowledge will help us to address the most pressing challenges of our time and ensure AI serves the common good.”

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

In der Welt des Glücksspiels gibt es viele Aspekte, die den Spieler beeinflussen können. Eine der zentralen Fragen für Nutzer ist die Wahl zwischen den verschiedenen Arten von Spielstätten. Einsatzlimits spielen hierbei eine entscheidende Rolle, da sie bestimmen, wie viel Spieler bereit sind, zu riskieren. Dies hat nicht nur Auswirkungen auf die finanzielle Sicherheit, sondern auch auf das gesamte Spielerlebnis.

Wettbewerb unter den Anbietern hat dazu geführt, dass viele Spielhäuser sich bemühen, ein herausragendes Nutzererlebnis zu schaffen. Die Vielfalt der angebotenen Spiele ist ein wichtiger Faktor, der Spieler anzieht. RTP-Werte und die verfügbaren Zahlungsoptionen sind ebenfalls entscheidend, da sie die Attraktivität eines Angebots maßgeblich beeinflussen.

Zusätzlich sollte man die Anforderungen und die Bedeutung der Sperrdatei nicht außer Betracht lassen. Diese Instrumente tragen dazu bei, verantwortungsbewusstes Spielen zu fördern und gleichzeitig die Sicherheit der Spieler zu gewährleisten. Ein tiefergehender Blick auf diese Elemente zeigt, wie wichtig es ist, informierte Entscheidungen zu treffen, um das Spielerlebnis optimal zu gestalten.

Regulierungsrahmen der Casinos mit OASIS

Im Kontext der Spielbranche spielt der Regulierungsrahmen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Spielgeschwindigkeit und die Nutzererfahrung. In Einrichtungen, die das OASIS-System implementieren, liegt ein klarer Fokus auf dem Schutz der Spieler durch die Einführung von Einsatzlimits und der Sperrdatei. Dieses System ermöglicht es den Betreibern, verantwortungsvolles Spielen zu fördern und gleichzeitig einen fairen Wettbewerb zwischen den verschiedenen Plattformen zu gewährleisten.

Die RTP-Werte (Return to Player) sind ebenfalls ein zentrales Element, das von den Regulierungsbehörden überwacht wird. Sie garantieren, dass die Auszahlungsquoten transparent und fair sind. Spieler können sich darauf verlassen, dass die angebotenen Spiele eine gewisse Spielvielfalt bieten, die den unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen und Vorlieben gerecht wird. Die Anforderungen an die Spieleentwickler sind streng, um sicherzustellen, dass die Qualität der Spiele stets hoch bleibt.

Zahlungsoptionen sind ein weiterer Aspekt, der im OASIS-Umfeld klar geregelt ist. Sicherzustellen, dass Spieler einfache und sichere Zahlungsmethoden zur Verfügung stehen, trägt zur Gesamtzufriedenheit und Benutzerfreundlichkeit bei. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass der Regulierungsrahmen der Plattformen mit OASIS nicht nur den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen dient, sondern auch aktiv zur Verbesserung der Spielerfahrung beiträgt. Solche Maßnahmen sind unerlässlich, um das Vertrauen der Nutzer langfristig zu gewinnen und zu erhalten.

Spielerdatenmanagement und Datenschutz in OASIS-Casinos

Das Spielerdatenmanagement in Online-Plattformen ist entscheidend für ein optimales Nutzererlebnis. In OASIS-geschützten Umgebungen profitieren Spieler von hohen RTP-Werten und einer breiten Spielvielfalt. Diese Aspekte verbinden sich nahtlos mit individuellen Einsatzlimits, was den Nutzern ermöglicht, ihre Spiele entsprechend ihren Anforderungen zu genießen.

Die Spielgeschwindigkeit wird durch durchdachte Systeme zur Verwaltung von Spielerdaten beeinflusst. Diese Systeme gewährleisten eine zügige Abwicklung von Transaktionen und die Bereitstellung von verfügbaren Zahlungsoptionen. Ein effizienter Umgang mit persönlichen Daten trägt dazu bei, dass die Spielenden reibungslos auf ihre bevorzugten Spiele zugreifen können, was wiederum das gesamte Spielerlebnis optimiert.

Ein weiterer entscheidender Aspekt ist der Wettbewerb, der durch die implementierten Datenschutzrichtlinien gefördert wird. Spieler fühlen sich sicherer, wenn sie wissen, dass ihre Informationen geschützt sind. In einem Umfeld, in dem Anforderungen an den Datenschutz hoch sind, können sich die Anbieter auf Innovationskraft konzentrieren, um weiterhin attraktive Angebote zu schaffen.

Zusammengefasst fördert ein durchdachtes Spielerdatenmanagement nicht nur den Schutz der persönlichen Informationen, sondern auch die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer. In Kombination mit erstklassigen Spielbedingungen und einem sichergestellten Datenschutz schaffen OASIS-Plattformen ein einzigartiges Spielerlebnis.

Einfluss von OASIS auf das Spielerlebnis und die Spielauswahl

Implementierung des OASIS-Systems verändert deutlich das Spielerlebnis und die Auswahl der verfügbaren Spiele. Dieses System schafft eine Schutzschicht für Spieler, die ihre Aktivitäten überwachen möchten, was sich direkt auf die Einsatzlimits auswirkt. Spieler, die durch die Sperrdatei eingeschränkt sind, erleben oft eine veränderte Spielführung, da sie weniger Zugriff auf bestimmte Spiele haben.

In Bezug auf die Spielvielfalt haben Anbieter, die sich an OASIS halten, möglicherweise eine eingeschränktere Auswahl. Manchmal werden nur ausgewählte Spielautomaten oder Tischspiele angeboten, was für Nutzer, die eine breitere Palette an Optionen suchen, nachteilig sein könnte. Dies kann auch die RTP-Werte beeinflussen, da Spiele mit höheren Rückzahlungsquoten möglicherweise nicht immer verfügbar sind.

Die Spielgeschwindigkeit könnte ebenfalls variieren. Anbieter könnten bemüht sein, eine kontrollierte Umgebung zu schaffen, was zu einer vorsichtigeren Spielweise führt. Diese Veränderungen beeinflussen schließlich die Nutzererfahrung, insbesondere wenn es um gewünschte Zahlungsoptionen geht. Einige Spieler bevorzugen eventuell schnellere Transaktionen, während andere die Sicherheit und den Schutz schätzen, die OASIS bietet.

Für Spieler, die keine Einschränkungen erfahren möchten, könnte eine Plattform, die nicht Teil der OASIS-Sperrdatei ist, ideal sein. Hier finden sich oft weniger restriktive Einsatzlimits, eine größere Auswahl an Spielen und flexiblere Zahlungsoptionen. Auf dieser Webseite online casinos ohne oasis können Spieler Einblicke in Alternativen gewinnen und die gewünschten Spiele in einem unbeschränkten Umfeld genießen.

Vor- und Nachteile von Spielen in Etablissements ohne OASIS für Spieler

Das Spielerlebnis in Etablissements, die nicht dem OASIS-System unterliegen, bringt sowohl Vorzüge als auch Herausforderungen mit sich. Diese Aspekte sind für Nutzer von Bedeutung, wenn sie ihre Entscheidungen treffen.

• Nutzererfahrung: Viele Spieler berichten von einer positiveren Nutzererfahrung, da die Abläufe oft weniger eingeschränkt sind. Dies kann zu einem entspannteren Ambiente führen.
• Spielgeschwindigkeit: In Einrichtungen ohne OASIS kann die Spielgeschwindigkeit höher sein. Spieler haben die Möglichkeit, schneller zwischen den Spielen zu wechseln, was für einige attraktiv ist.
• Spielvielfalt: Oft bieten solche Etablissements eine breitere Auswahl an Spielen. Von klassischen Tischspielen bis hin zu Spielautomaten gibt es zahlreiche Optionen, die den unterschiedlichen Vorlieben gerecht werden.
• Einsatzlimits: Die Einsatzlimits können geringer sein, was Spielern mehr Freiraum beim Wetten gibt. Das ermöglicht sowohl vorsichtigeres Spielen als auch das Ausprobieren neuer Strategien.
• Zahlungsoptionen: Etablissements können flexiblere Zahlungsoptionen anbieten, was für Spieler mit verschiedenen Vorlieben und Bedürfnissen günstig ist.

Dennoch gibt es auch einige Nachteile, die in Betracht gezogen werden sollten:

• Sperrdatei: In Abwesenheit eines zentralisierten Systems gibt es möglicherweise weniger Schutz für Spieler, die Schwierigkeiten haben, sich selbst zu regulieren. Eine Sperrdatei ist oft nicht vorhanden, was problematischen Spielern den Zugang zu Glücksspiel erleichtern kann.
• RTP-Werte: Es könnte weniger Transparenz über die RTP-Werte (Return to Player) der Spiele geben, was für Spieler, die auf die Auszahlungsquoten achten, hinderlich sein könnte.
• Anforderungen: Ohne die strengen Anforderungen der OASIS-Regelungen könnte es an bestimmten Sicherheitselementen mangeln, die den Spielern eine verantwortungsvolle Spielerfahrung bieten.

Insgesamt ist es entscheidend, die persönlichen Prioritäten und Spielgewohnheiten zu betrachten, um abzuwägen, ob die Vorteile der Etablissements ohne OASIS die potenziellen Risiken überwiegen.

Fragen und Antworten:

Was ist der Hauptunterschied zwischen einem Casino mit OASIS und einem ohne OASIS?

Der wichtigste Unterschied zwischen einem Casino mit OASIS und einem ohne OASIS liegt in der Anwendung und Umsetzung von Spielerschutzmaßnahmen. Casinos mit OASIS verpflichten sich, ein System zur Identifikation von problematischen Spielverhalten zu integrieren und den Spielern zu helfen, verantwortungsbewusst zu spielen. In Casinos ohne OASIS fehlen oftmals diese strukturierte Kontrolle und Unterstützung, was zu einem größeren Risiko für problematisches Spielverhalten führen kann.

Wie funktioniert das OASIS-System im Casino?

Das OASIS-System wird verwendet, um Spieler zu registrieren und ihre Spielgewohnheiten zu überwachen. Wenn ein Spieler übermäßiges Spielverhalten zeigt, kann das Casino eingreifen und Maßnahmen ergreifen, um den Spieler zu unterstützen. Dies können beispielsweise Limits für Einzahlungen oder Spielzeiten sein. Das System ermöglicht es auch den Spielern, sich selbst zu sperren, um ein verantwortungsbewusstes Spielverhalten zu fördern.

Welche Vorteile bietet ein Casino mit OASIS für die Spieler?

Ein Casino mit OASIS bietet verschiedene Vorteile für die Spieler, wie mehr Sicherheit und Unterstützung bei der Kontrolle des Spielverhaltens. Spieler haben die Möglichkeit, ihre Einzahlungen und Spielzeiten zu begrenzen und erhalten Hilfe, wenn sie Schwierigkeiten haben. Auch die Anonymität der Spieler kann gewahrt bleiben, was es einfacher macht, bei Bedarf Hilfe zu suchen. Zudem trägt das Casino beiträgt zu einem nachhaltigeren Spielumfeld bei, was auf lange Sicht auch die Spielerfahrung verbessern kann.

Gibt es auch Nachteile bei der Nutzung eines Casinos mit OASIS?

Ein möglicher Nachteil von Casinos mit OASIS könnte sein, dass einige Spieler sich durch die strengen Regelungen möglicherweise eingeschränkt fühlen. Die Möglichkeit, sich selbst Limits zu setzen oder sich sogar selbst zu sperren, kann für bestimmte Spieler abschreckend wirken. Zudem kann es einen zusätzlichen administrativen Aufwand für die Spieler bedeuten, sich im OASIS-System registrieren zu müssen, was manchen als lästig erscheinen könnte. Dennoch überwiegen oft die positiven Aspekte des Spielerschutzes die Nachteile.

Welches Casino sollten neue Spieler wählen, ein Casino mit oder ohne OASIS?

Neue Spieler sollten erwägen, ein Casino mit OASIS zu wählen, da dies in der Regel ein sichereres und verantwortungsbewussteres Spielumfeld bietet. Die Systeme zur Risikominimierung helfen, den Überblick über das eigene Spielverhalten zu behalten. Insbesondere für unerfahrene Spieler ist es wichtig, Unterstützung durch solche Maßnahmen zu erhalten, um potenzielle Probleme frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu vermeiden. Die Entscheidung sollte aber immer auch von den individuellen Vorlieben und Spielgewohnheiten abhängen.

Was sind die Hauptunterschiede zwischen Casinos mit und ohne OASIS?

Die Hauptunterschiede zwischen Casinos mit und ohne OASIS betreffen das Spielerschutzsystem. Casinos mit OASIS sind verpflichtet, strenge Richtlinien für die Spielsuchtprävention zu befolgen. Dies beinhaltet unter anderem die Möglichkeit für die Spieler, ihre Spielaktivitäten zu überwachen und gegebenenfalls Limits festzulegen. Casinos ohne OASIS hingegen haben solche Maßnahmen möglicherweise nicht implementiert oder bieten weniger effektive Schutzmechanismen. Dies kann zu einem höheren Risiko für problematisches Spielverhalten führen.

source: www,cam.ac.uk

The Greater Cambridge Partnership’s Connector project is bringing self-driving passenger transport to the city.

Cambridge West Innovation District and Eddington are fitting locations for such an ambitious and forward-thinking project.Professor Anna Philpott, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Resources and Operations

A 15-seater autonomous bus will operate between Madingley Road Park & Ride, and around the University’s Eddington neighbourhood and Cambridge West Innovation District. 

The early phase of the trial, following extensive virtual and on-road testing, starts on Tuesday 24 June with a limited number of morning and afternoon runs each Monday-Friday.

The trial passenger service is free and will enhance local connections, improving access to places of work and study, as well as community and sports facilities for those living and working in the area.

Dan Clarke, Head of Innovation and Technology at the Greater Cambridge Partnership, said: “This is an exciting milestone, but it’s just the beginning. People may have already seen the bus going around Eddington and Cambridge West from Madingley Park & Ride recently, as, after the extensive on-track training with the drivers, we’ve been running the bus on the road without passengers to learn more about how other road-users interact with the technology. We’re now moving gradually to the next stage of this trial by inviting passengers to use Connector.

“As with all new things, our aim is to introduce this new technology in a phased way that balances the trialling of these new systems with safety and the passenger experience. This will ensure we can learn more about this technology and showcase the potential for self-driving vehicles to support sustainable, reliable public transport across Cambridge.”

The vehicle is operated by Whippet Coaches using autonomous technology from Fusion Processing. 

Professor Anna Philpott, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Resources and Operations at the University of Cambridge, said “Innovation and research that contributes to society is at the heart of the University’s mission, and this trial aligns with our vision for sustainable and pioneering transport solutions for everyone travelling to and from our sites. Cambridge West Innovation District and Eddington are fitting locations for such an ambitious and forward-thinking project.”

A full-scale launch of two full-size autonomous buses on a second route to the Cambridge Biomedical Campus will begin later this year.

The Connector trial is part of a national Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CCAV) programme backed by the UK Government to explore how autonomous buses can be safely and effectively integrated into public transport systems.

All vehicles are supported by trained safety drivers at all times and have already undergone digital simulation and rigorous on-road testing.

Find out more about Connector and check the timetable to see when you can take a ride on the bus

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, a new scientific facility that will bring the night sky to life like never before using the largest camera ever built, has revealed its ‘first look’ images at the start of its 10-year survey of the cosmos.

The Rubin Observatory, jointly funded by the US National Science Foundation and the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, has released its first imagery, showing cosmic phenomena at an unprecedented scale.

In just over 10 hours of test observations, the NSF-DOE Rubin Observatory has already captured millions of galaxies and Milky Way stars and thousands of asteroids. The imagery is a small preview of the Rubin Observatory’s upcoming 10-year scientific mission to explore and understand some of the universe’s biggest mysteries.

Located on a mountaintop in Chile, the Rubin Observatory will repeatedly scan the sky for 10 years and create an ultra-wide, ultra-high-definition time-lapse record of our universe. The region in central Chile is favoured for astronomical observations because of its dry air and dark skies, and allows for an ideal view of the Milky Way’s centre.

The facility is set to achieve ‘first light,’ or make the first scientific observations of the Southern Hemisphere’s sky using its 8.4-meter Simonyi Survey Telescope, on 4 July.

UK astronomers, including from the University of Cambridge, are celebrating their role in the most ambitious sky survey to date.

“We will be looking at the universe in a way that we have never done before, and this exploration is bound to throw up surprises that we never imagined,” said Professor Hiranya Peiris from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, and a builder of the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Dark Energy Science Collaboration. 

Enabled by an investment of £23 million from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UK astronomers and software developers have been preparing the hardware and software needed to analyse the petabytes of data that the survey will produce to enable groundbreaking science that will enhance our understanding of the universe.

The UK is the second largest international contributor to the multinational project, putting UK astronomers at the forefront when it comes to exploiting this unique window on the Universe.

The UK is also playing a significant role in the management and processing of the unprecedented amounts of data. The UK will host one of three international data facilities and process around 1.5 million images, capturing around 10 billion stars and galaxies. When complete, the full 10-year survey is expected to rack up 500 petabytes of date – the same storage as half-a-million 4K Hollywood movies.

The UK’s science portal for the international community is capable of connecting around 1,500 astronomers with UK Digital Research Infrastructure to support the exploitation of this uniquely rich and detailed view of the Universe.

More than two decades in the making, Rubin is the first of its kind: its mirror design, camera size and sensitivity, telescope speed, and computing infrastructure are each in an entirely new category. Over the next 10 years, Rubin will perform the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) using the LSST Camera and the Simonyi Survey Telescope.

By repeatedly scanning the sky for 10 years, the observatory will deliver a treasure trove of discoveries: asteroids and comets, pulsating stars, and supernova explosions. Science operations are expected to start towards the end of 2025.

“I can’t wait to explore the first LSST catalogues – revealing the faintest dwarf galaxies and stellar streams swarming through the Milky Way’s halo,” said Professor Vasily Belokurov from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy, member of LSST:UK. “A new era of galactic archaeology is beginning!”

“UK researchers have been contributing to the scientific and technical preparation for the Rubin LSST for more than ten years,” said Professor Bob Mann from the University of Edinburgh, LSST:UK Project Leader. “These exciting First Look images show that everything is working well and reassure us that we have a decade’s worth of wonderful data coming our way, with which UK astronomers will do great science.”

Hiranya Peiris is a Fellow of Murray Edwards College, Cambridge. 

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Understanding how the universe transitioned from darkness to light with the formation of the first stars and galaxies is a key turning point in the universe’s development, known as the Cosmic Dawn. However, even with the most powerful telescopes, we can’t directly observe these earliest stars, so determining their properties is one of the biggest challenges in astronomy.

This is a unique opportunity to learn how the universe’s first light emerged from the darknessAnastasia Fialkov

Now, an international group of astronomers led by the University of Cambridge have shown that we will be able to learn about the masses of the earliest stars by studying a specific radio signal – created by hydrogen atoms filling the gaps between star-forming regions – originating just a hundred million years after the Big Bang.

By studying how the first stars and their remnants affected this signal, called the 21-centimetre signal, the researchers have shown that future radio telescopes will help us understand the very early universe, and how it transformed from a nearly homogeneous mass of mostly hydrogen to the incredible complexity we see today. Their results are reported in the journal Nature Astronomy.

“This is a unique opportunity to learn how the universe’s first light emerged from the darkness,” said co-author Professor Anastasia Fialkov from Cambridge’s Institute of Astronomy. “The transition from a cold, dark universe to one filled with stars is a story we’re only beginning to understand.”

The study of the universe’s most ancient stars hinges on the faint glow of the 21-centimetre signal, a subtle energy signal from over 13 billion years ago. This signal, influenced by the radiation from early stars and black holes, provides a rare window into the universe’s infancy.

Fialkov leads the theory group of REACH (the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen). REACH is a radio antenna and is one of two major projects that could help us learn about the Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionisation, when the first stars reionised neutral hydrogen atoms in the universe.

Although REACH, which captures radio signals, is still in its calibration stage, it promises to reveal data about the early universe. Meanwhile, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA)—a massive array of antennas under construction—will map fluctuations in cosmic signals across vast regions of the sky.

Both projects are vital in probing the masses, luminosities, and distribution of the universe’s earliest stars. In the current study, Fialkov – who is also a member of the SKA – and her collaborators developed a model that makes predictions for the 21-centimetre signal for both REACH and SKA, and found that the signal is sensitive to the masses of first stars.

“We are the first group to consistently model the dependence of the 21-centimetre signal of the masses of the first stars, including the impact of ultraviolet starlight and X-ray emissions from X-ray binaries produced when the first stars die,” said Fialkov, who is also a member of Cambridge’s Kavli Institute for Cosmology. “These insights are derived from simulations that integrate the primordial conditions of the universe, such as the hydrogen-helium composition produced by the Big Bang.”

In developing their theoretical model, the researchers studied how the 21-centimetre signal reacts to the mass distribution of the first stars, known as Population III stars. They found that previous studies have underestimated this connection as they did not account for the number and brightness of X-ray binaries – binary systems made of a normal star and a collapsed star – among Population III stars, and how they affect the 21-centimetre signal.

Unlike optical telescopes like the James Webb Space Telescope, which capture vivid images, radio astronomy relies on statistical analysis of faint signals. REACH and SKA will not be able to image individual stars, but will instead provide information about entire populations of stars, X-ray binary systems and galaxies.

“It takes a bit of imagination to connect radio data to the story of the first stars, but the implications are profound,” said Fialkov.

“The predictions we are reporting have huge implications for our understanding of the nature of the very first stars in the Universe,” said co-author Dr Eloy de Lera Acedo, Principal Investigator of the REACH telescope and PI at Cambridge of the SKA development activities. “We show evidence that our radio telescopes can tell us details about the mass of those first stars and how these early lights may have been very different from today’s stars.

“Radio telescopes like REACH are promising to unlock the mysteries of the infant Universe, and these predictions are essential to guide the radio observations we are doing from the Karoo, in South Africa.”

The research was supported in part by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), part of UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). Anastasia Fialkov is a Fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge. Eloy de Lera Acedo is an STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellow and a Fellow of Selwyn College, Cambridge.

Reference:
T. Gessey-Jones et al. ‘Determination of the mass distribution of the first stars from the 21-cm signal.’ Nature Astronomy (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02575-x

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

The placenta and the hormones it produces may have played a crucial role in the evolution of the human brain, while also leading to the behavioural traits that have made human societies able to thrive and expand, according to a new hypothesis proposed by researchers from the Universities of Cambridge and Oxford.

Our hypothesis puts pregnancy at the heart of our story as a speciesAlex Tsompanidis

Dr Alex Tsompanidis, senior researcher at the Autism Research Centre in the University of Cambridge, and the lead author of this new study, said: “Small variations in the prenatal levels of steroid hormones, like testosterone and oestrogen, can predict the rate of social and cognitive learning in infants and even the likelihood of conditions such as autism. This prompted us to consider their relevance for human evolution.”

One explanation for the evolution of the human brain may be in the way humans adapted to be social. Professor Robin Dunbar, an Evolutionary Biologist at the University of Oxford and joint senior author of this new study said: “We’ve known for a long time that living in larger, more complex social groups is associated with increases in the size of the brain. But we still don’t know what mechanisms may link these behavioural and physical adaptations in humans.”

In this new paper, published today in Evolutionary Anthropology, the researchers now propose that the mechanism may be found in prenatal sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone or oestrogens, and the way these affect the developing brain and behaviour in humans.

Using ‘mini-brains’ – clusters of human neuronal cells that are grown in a petri dish from donors’ stem cells – other scientists have been able to study, for the first time, the effects of these hormones on the human brain. Recent discoveries have shown that testosterone can increase the size of the brain, while oestrogens can improve the connectivity between neurons.

In both humans and other primates such as chimpanzees and gorillas, the placenta can link the mother’s and baby’s endocrine systems to produce these hormones in varying amounts.

Professor Graham Burton, Founding Director of the Loke Centre of Trophoblast Research at the University of Cambridge and coauthor of the new paper, said: “The placenta regulates the duration of the pregnancy and the supply of nutrients to the fetus, both of which are crucial for the development of our species’ characteristically large brains. But the advantage of human placentas over those of other primates has been less clear.”

Two previous studies show that levels of oestrogen during pregnancy are higher in human pregnancies than in other primate species.

Another characteristic of humans as a species is our ability to form and maintain large social groups, larger than other primates and other extinct species, such as Neanderthals. But to be able to do this, humans must have adapted in ways that maintain high levels of fertility, while also reducing competition in large groups for mates and resources.

Prenatal sex steroid hormones, such as testosterone and oestrogen, are also important for regulating the way males and females interact and develop, a process known as sex differentiation. For example, having higher testosterone relative to oestrogen leads to more male-like features in anatomy (e.g., in physical size and strength) and in behaviour (e.g., in competition).

But in humans, while these on-average sex differences exist, they are reduced, compared to our closest primate relatives and relative to other extinct human species (such as the Neanderthals). Instead, anatomical features that are specific to humans appear to be related more to aspects of female rather than male biology, and to the effects of oestrogens (e.g., reduced body hair, and a large ratio between the second and fourth digit).

The researchers propose that the key to explain this may lie again with the placenta, which rapidly turns testosterone to oestrogens, using an enzyme called aromatase. Recent discoveries show that humans have higher levels of aromatase compared to macaques, and that males may have slightly higher levels compared to females.

Bringing all these lines of evidence together, the authors propose that high levels of prenatal sex steroid hormones in the womb, combined with increased placental function, may have made human brains larger and more interconnected. At the same time, a lower ratio of androgens (like testosterone) to oestrogens may have led to reductions in competition between males, while also improving fertility in females, allowing humans to form larger, more cohesive social groups.

Professor Simon Baron-Cohen, Director of the Autism Research Centre at the University of Cambridge and joint senior author on the paper, said: “We have been studying the effects of prenatal sex steroids on neurodevelopment for the past 20 years. This has led to the discovery that prenatal sex steroids are important for neurodiversity in human populations. This new hypothesis takes this further in arguing that these hormones may have also shaped the evolution of the human brain.”

Dr Tsompanidis added: “Our hypothesis puts pregnancy at the heart of our story as a species. The human brain is remarkable and unique, but it does not develop in a vacuum. Adaptations in the placenta and the way it produces sex steroid hormones may have been crucial for our brain’s evolution, and for the emergence of the cognitive and social traits that make us human.”

Reference

Tsompanidis, A et al. The placental steroid hypothesis of human brain evolution. Evolutionary Anthropology; 20 June 2025; DOI: 10.1002/evan.70003

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

University of Cambridge experts highlighted the key role of education in combatting climate misinformation at a Global Sustainable Development Congress (GDSC) workshop in Turkey.

Representatives from Cambridge University Press & Assessment, Cambridge Zero, Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership and Cambridge Judge Business School convened the session and were joined by a range of experts working on climate change-related research and education. Every speaker from across higher education highlighted the importance of identifying misinformation and disinformation in tackling climate action. Read more about the workshop.

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Before the ‘Out of Africa’ migration that led our ancestors into Eurasia and beyond, human populations learned to adapt to new and challenging habitats including African forests and deserts, which was key to the long-term success of our species’ dispersal.

It’s incredibly exciting that we were able to look back in time and pinpoint the changes that enabled our ancestors to successfully migrate out of Africa.Andrea Manica

Today, all non-Africans are known to have descended from a small group of people that ventured into Eurasia around 50,000 years ago. However, fossil evidence shows that there were numerous failed dispersals before this time that left no detectable traces in living people.

In a new study published today in the journal in Nature, scientists say that from around 70,000 years ago, early humans began to exploit different habitat types in Africa in ways not seen before.

At this time, our ancestors started to live in the equatorial forests of West and Central Africa, and in the Sahara and Sahel desert regions of North Africa, where they encountered a range of new environmental conditions.

As they adapted to life in these diverse habitats, early humans gained the flexibility to tackle the range of novel environmental conditions they would encounter during their expansion out of Africa.

This increase in the human niche may have been the result of social adaptations, such as long-distance social networks, which allowed for an increase in cultural exchange. The process would have been self-reinforcing: as people started to inhabit a wider proportion of the African continent, regions previously disconnected would have come into contact, leading to further exchanges and possibly even greater flexibility. The final outcome was that our species became the ultimate generalist, able to tackle a wider range of environments.

Andrea Manica, Professor of Evolutionary Ecology in the University of Cambridge’s Department of Zoology, who co-led the study with Professor Eleanor Scerri from the Max Plank Institute of Bioanthropology in Germany, said: “Around 70,000-50,000 years ago, the easiest route out of Africa would have been more challenging than during previous periods, and yet this expansion was big – and ultimately successful.”

Manica added: “It’s incredibly exciting that we were able to look back in time and pinpoint the changes that enabled our ancestors to successfully migrate out of Africa.”

Dr Emily Hallett of Loyola University Chicago, co-lead author of the study, said: “We assembled a dataset of archaeological sites and environmental information covering the last 120,000 years in Africa. We used methods developed in ecology to understand changes in human environmental niches – the habitats humans can use and thrive in – during this time.” 

Dr Michela Leonardi at the University of Cambridge and London’s Natural History Museum, the study’s other lead author, said: “Our results showed that the human niche began to expand significantly from 70,000 years ago, and that this expansion was driven by humans increasing their use of diverse habitat types, from forests to arid deserts.” 

Many explanations for the uniquely successful dispersal out of Africa have previously been made, from technological innovations, to immunities granted by interbreeding with Eurasian hominins. But there is no evidence of technological innovation, and previous interbreeding does not appear to have helped the long-term success of previous attempts to spread out of Africa.

“Unlike previous humans dispersing out of Africa, those human groups moving into Eurasia after around 60-50,000 years ago were equipped with a distinctive ecological flexibility as a result of coping with climatically challenging habitats,” said Scerri. “This likely provided a key mechanism for the adaptive success of our species beyond their African homeland.”

Previous human dispersals out of Africa – which were not successful in the long term – seem to have happened during particularly favourable windows of increased rainfall in the Saharo-Arabian desert belt, which created ‘green corridors’ for people to move into Eurasia.

The environmental flexibility developed in Africa from around 70,000 years ago ultimately resulted in modern humans’ unique ability to adapt and thrive in diverse environments, and to cope with varying environmental conditions throughout life.

This research was supported by funding from the Max Planck Society, European Research Council and Leverhulme Trust.

Adapted from a press release by the Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Germany

Reference: Hallett, E. Y. et al: ‘Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of Africa dispersal.’ Nature, June 2025. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09154-0.

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.

source: www.cam.ac.uk

Earlier this month, Cambridge PhD student Spatika Jayaram was crowned the winner of the FameLab 2025 UK final at this year’s Cheltenham Science Festival.  

After winning a nail-biting East of England final, which was held as part of the Cambridge Festival in April 2025, Spatika went on to represent the East of England in the UK final with her presentation on Time Travel with Your Brain. She will now go on to represent the UK in the International Final taking place live at CERN Science Gateway in Switzerland to mark the 20 year anniversary of the competition. 

“I was so surprised I won!”, said Spatika. “The other communicators were fantastic and we travelled through so many topics from planets to parasites and more!”. 

Spatika took part in FameLab because she enjoyed talking about science to non-scientists and bringing some meaning to the complex work taking place in the labs. “I wanted a chance to bring humour into the science, because most of the times science is presented in professional environments, it’s all very serious”, added Spatika.  

“I would recommend FameLab for anyone who’s even a tiny bit interested in knowing what happens to science when it’s let out in the wild!” 

Claudia Antolini, Public Engagement Manager at the University of Cambridge said, “We are delighted for Spatika to represent the UK at the International FameLab final. Both at the East of England regional competition and the UK final Spatika gave outstanding performances, scientifically accurate but also extremely engaging with wise-cracking humour. We wish her the best of luck and we look forward to cheering her on for the International Final.” 

The FameLab final will be streamed live from CERN on YouTube. 

Spatika Jayaram is a PhD student and Gates Cambridge Scholar in the Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience and Magdalene College. In her research, she looks at social and emotional behaviours emerging across development, and how regions within the prefrontal cortex contribute to their regulation. 

FameLab was created by Cheltenham Festivals in 2005 and is the largest science communication competition and training programme in the world. Participants have just three minutes to convey a scientific concept of their choice to an audience and expert panel of judges with no presentations and limited props. 

---

The text in this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Images, including our videos, are Copyright ©University of Cambridge and licensors/contributors as identified. All rights reserved. We make our image and video content available in a number of ways – on our main website under its Terms and conditions, and on a range of channels including social media that permit your use and sharing of our content under their respective Terms.